194 APPENDIX 



breed at Pyramid Lake, Nevada, and in a few places in 

 Oregon. 



Aythya marila (Linn.) Scaup Duck; Broadbill; Black- 

 head; Bluebill. 



Breeding Range. — The principal summer home of the 

 scaup in the Western Hemisphere is northwestern North 

 America, from northern North Dakota, southeastern 

 British Columbia and Sitka, Alaska, north to Fort 

 Churchill, Great Slave Lake, Fort Reliance, Alaska, and 

 Kotzebue Sound ; also throughout the whole Aleutian 

 chain to the Near Islands. It breeds accidentally or 

 casually at Mount Vernon, Va., 1881 ; Magdalen Islands, 

 Gulf of St. Lawrence ; Toronto, Ont. ; St. Clair Flats, 

 Michigan; Clear Lake, Iowa; Minneapolis and Fergus 

 Falls, Minn., and Great Whale River, James Bay. 



The species also breeds in the Arctic regions of the 

 Old World, and winters south to southern Europe and 

 central Asia. 



Aythya affinis (Eyt.) Lesser Scaup Duck. 



Breeding Range. — In the case of this species a distinc- 

 tion needs to be drawn between the breeding range and 

 the summer range. Quite a number of nonbreeding indi- 

 viduals spend the summer many miles south of the nest- 

 ing grounds, so that the eggs or young are the only cer- 

 tain evidence that the species breeds. These nonbreed- 

 ing birds are not rare on the New England coast, Long 

 Island Sound and the Great Lakes. The lesser scaup 

 does not breed regularly in northeastern United States 

 nor in any of the Maritime Provinces ; indeed, there is 

 scarcely a breeding record for the whole of North Amer- 



