o76 USEFUL BIRDS. 



* Greenbrier, catbrier, bullbrier, . Smilax rolundifuUn. 

 Spice bush, fever bush, . . . Benzoin a'siirale. 



* Blueberries and huckleberries. . Vaccinium and ({(tylussacia. 



(Nearly all sj^ecies eaten.) 



Cranberry. ..... Oxycoccus macrocarjion. 



Dwarf cranberr}', .... Oxycoccus Oxycoccus. 



Broom crowl)erry, .... Corema Conradii. 



Bearberr\-, ..... Arctostaphylos Uva-w'si. 



* Tupelo, sour gum. pepperitlge, . Nyssa sylvatica. 



* Flowering dogwood, . . . Cornus fiorida. 



* Red osier, dogw^ood, . . . Cornus stolonifera. 



* Alternate-leaved cornel, green osier, 



dogwood, ..... Cornus allernifolid. 

 (The berries of other species of cornel are probably eaten.) 



Partridge berrj-, .... Milchella repois. 



* Bed cedar, savin, .... Juniperns virgin iaitd. 

 Common juniper, ground juniiter, . Junipcrus communis. 



This list prol)al)ly does not include all the native trees, 

 shrubs, and vines that bear a more or less pulpy fruit and 

 contribute largely to the sustenance of l)irds, but it is be- 

 lieved that it comprises thcxse of most importance, with the 

 addition of a few valuable introduced species. 



There are many trees, not named in the above list, that 

 attract a few birds. The willows, for example, are fre- 

 quented by certain Warblers. Among the shrubs, the fruit 

 of the burning bush {Euonymus afi'opurpureui^) is sought 

 by some birds. The berries of the nightshade (SoJanuni 

 nigrum), though believed to be })oisonous, are eaten by 

 birds. The pokeweed {PhijtoUHxa decandra) fiu-nishes a 

 fruit which, though it is believed to have poisonous prop- 

 erties, is eaten ))y very many birds. 



Those fruit-bearing plants which retain their fruit in win- 

 ter are of great importance. Such plants enable man}' birds 

 to exist through our winter storms. The bayberry is among 

 the most valual^le of the low-growing shrubs. Xearlj' all 

 the winter birds, from the Kinglet to the Crow, eat these 

 l)erries. Where the bushes are not covered with snow, the 

 supply at Wareham usually becomes exhausted in February, 

 after which the Myrtle Warblers and many of the winter 

 Sparrows disappear. The bayberry bushes, being low, are 

 sometimes covered with the drifting snow, and then the 



