432 APPENDIX. 



September, winter, . . Common nightshade, »SoZarmm nif/rum (vine) . 

 September, winter, . . American hornbeam, Carpinus caroliniana 



(tree). 

 September, winter, . . Cockspur thorn, Cratcegus Crus-galli (tree). 

 September, winter, . . Small cranberry, yaccmMimOxycoccos (vine). 

 September, winter, . . American cranherry, ]'accinimn7nacrocarpon 



(vine). 

 September, winter, . . Wild rose, Rosa humilis (shrub). 

 September, October, . . Northern fox grape, Fi/is /abn/sca (vine). 

 September, October, . . Frost grape, Vitis vulpina (vine). 

 September, October, winter, Staghorn sumach, Rhiis typhina (shrub). 

 September, October, winter. Dwarf sumach, Rhus copallina (shrub). 

 September, October, winter. Smooth sumach, Rhus glabra (shrub). 

 September, October, winter, Poison sumach, Rhus Vernix (shrub). 

 November, .... Frost grape, chicken grape, Vilis cordifolia 



(vine). 



THE MULTIPLICATION OF THE COLORADO POTATO 

 BEETLE. 



The statement on page 29, written by me in 1905, to the effect 

 that the progeny of one pair of Colorado potato beetles, if allowed 

 to increase without check, might in one season amount to over sixty 

 millions, needs some explanation in view of the results of more 

 recent investigations. The above assertion, taken from the report 

 of Townend Glover, official entomologist of the United States 

 Department of Agriculture, was pul)lished in the annual report 

 of the Department of Agriculture in 1871.^ Glover refers to the 

 Canadian Entomologist, but the statement probably was based 

 upon the investigations of Prof. C. V. Riley, who was among 

 the first to study the life history of the Colorado potato beetle. 

 He was one of the most eminent entomologists of his time, and 

 diu-ing his later years was chief entomologist of the United States 

 Department of Agriculture. While State entomologist of Missouri 

 he publishefl a series of annual reports which were considered 

 models of their kind. In the report for the year 1868^ he stated 

 that in the latitude of St. Louis the potato beetle had three broods 

 during the year. Each female, he said, was capable of depositing 

 upwards of a thousand eggs. If we assume, then, that each female 

 deposits a thousand eggs, and that three broods are produced in a 

 year, we have one billion individuals as the annual progeny of a 

 single female. This is tremendously in excess of the number given 

 by Glover. Therefore, if Riley is correct, Glover's statement is 



' Report of the Commissioner of Agriculture, 1871, p. 74. 



2 Agricultural Reportof Missouri, 1868, First Annual Report on the Noxious, Beneficial and 

 Other Insects of the State of Missouri, p. 107. 



