442 



The following table shows that no less than 3 i species and varieties of Synalpkens were 

 taken on a Lithothamnion bottom in depths varying between 3 and about 40 m. 



Syn. amabilis de Man 



Syn. ainboinae (Zehntner) 



Syn. An tenor de Man 



Syn. bispinosus de Man 



Syn. bituberculatus de Man 



Syn. biung2iiculatiis (Stimpson) Cout. 



Syn. caj'hiahis (de Man) 



Syn. carinatns (de Man) var. nbianensis de Man 



Syn. consobriniis de Man 



Sy7i. Deinani Borr. 



Syn. fossor (Paulson) var. propinqtia de Man 



Syn. gracilirostris de IVIan 



Syn. Graviet^i Cout. 



Syn. hastilicrassiis Cout. 



Syn. Heroni Cout. 



Syn. locasta de Man 



Syti. Iphinoc de Man 



Syn. miscellaneus de Man 



Syn. neomeris (de Man) 



Syn. nephmns (Dana) 



Syn. Nilandcnsis Cout. 



Syn. Nilandensis Cout. var. bandaensis de Man 



Syn. Nilandensis Cout. var. oxyceros Cout. 



Syn. Pescadorcnsis Cout. 



Syn. qiiadridens de Man 



Sy}L. qiiadrispinosiis de Man 



Syn. septemspinostis de Man 



Syn. streptodactyloidcs de Man 



Sy7i. sti'eptodactylus Cout. 



Syn. Theophane de Man 



Syn. t7i)iiidoniamis (Paulson). 



Max Weber has shown ^) that a primary condition for the occurrence of LitJwthaiumon 

 is the existence of a strong tidal current. From this point of view it is interesting to note that 

 the List of Stations teaches that at 7 stations five or more species of SynalpJieus have been 

 gathered. These are Stat. 49^ with 5, Stat. 164 with 12, Stat. 240 with 10, Stat. 273 also 

 with 10, Stat. 282 with i8(!), Stat. 310 with 5 and Stat. 315 with 8 species. Now the named 

 locaHties are also characterized by strong tidal currents and by a very abundant animal life, 

 especially by Sponges, Alcyonids {Spongodes) and Gorgonids on and between which the specimens 

 of Syjia/phetis were living. 



The data given in this List show clearly that the species of Synaipkc7is collected by 

 the "Siboga" were chiefly taken from shallow water. There are only three hauls exceeding 

 100 meters, the deepest lying between 400 and 120 m. (Stat. 65^). The maximum development 

 in species is in the zone between about 5 and 60 meters. 



The List of Stations appears to teach furthermore that the Indo-australian Synalphei 

 are sedentary animals, for all the specimens were caught by the dredge or other appliances 

 for securing bottom-living specimens; or they were collected on coralreefs or semi-parasitically 

 on Sponges, Gorgonids, Alcyonids, Pearl-oysters etc. 



Alpheus Fabr. 



In the following table the numbers of the two first columns indicate on how many 

 different reefs and on how many localities covered by Lithothavinion the species of Alphens, the 



l) Max Weber, Introduction et description de Fexpcdition. Siboga-Expeditie, Livr. Ill, 1902, p. 36. 



