352 STUDY OF NATURAL HISTORY. 



Martius, two of the most celebrated naturalists in 

 Europe : they explored Brazil for four years, re- 

 turned with immense acquisitions, and received from 

 the government not only adequate pensions, but 

 every needful support for publishing their disco- 

 veries.* We turn now to Sweden, " which has 

 never been behind the other kingdoms of the North 

 in her zealous patronage of science." We need not 

 refer to Linnaeus, honoured, enriched, and ennobled 

 by his sovereign : for that celebrated name belongs 

 to the last century. She yet boasts, however, of 

 her illustrious chemist Berzelius, who has been ho- 

 noured by a seat in the house of peers, and has 

 been decorated with the cross of the order of Vasa_, 

 and the grand cross of the Polar Star ; while, in 

 addition to these marks of royal esteem, he enjoys 

 the almost exclusive patronage of the chemical and 

 medical chairs of Sweden. Though circumscribed 

 in its finances, the parliament of Norway has ad- 

 vanced to Professor Hanstein no less than 3000/. 



* In the year 1817, two naturalists, one a Bavarian, the 

 other an Englishman, left Europe, separately, to explore Brazil. 

 They took different routes, and returned to their respective 

 countries three or four years after. The Bavarian published 

 his ornithological discoveries by subscription ; and his list, 

 prefixed to the work, contains the names of two emperors, 

 one empress, six kings, one queen, nine princes, four arch- 

 dukes, seven dukes, and four counts. Total, thirty-four — of 

 the highest titles in the world. (English none.) The English- 

 man, some years after, determined to do the same, and his titled 

 subscribers consisted of one prince (Musignano), and one baron 

 (the Lord Stanley). Total two, English one. 



