114 ALAUDID7E. 
146. Calandrella brack ydactyla (Leisl.). The Short- 
toed Lark. 
Spanish. Terrera. 
" This bird is found on passage near Tangier, crossing in 
very large flights during March and April, returning in August 
and September. Many remain to breed, frequenting the same 
localities as the Calandra Lark." — Favier. 
On the Andalucian side of the Straits, my experience of the 
Short-toed Lark is that it chiefly migrates in pairs during the 
spring ; and I never met with any of the above-mentioned 
large flights. The spring arrival commences about the middle 
of March ; and the passage continues for a month later, at 
which time nests with eggs may be found near Gibraltar. 
Excessively abundant, as above stated, in the same situations 
as the Calandra ; they prefer fallow ground, nesting under 
shelter of some clod or in any slight depression of the ground. 
I never could find the nest myself, except by putting the old 
bird off". A very good way of finding the nests of all the Larks 
and ground -breeding birds is, with the assistance of a man to 
hold it at the other end, to drag a rope about a hundred yards 
long across the ground, being careful that it drags on the 
ground ; directly a bird flies up, drop the rope, go to the spot, 
and in all probability a nest will be found. 
147. Calandrella BiExicA, Dresser. The Andalucian 
Short-toed Lark. 
This species was found by Lord Lilford in the corn-land on 
the banks of the Guadalquivir below Seville, where it is known 
to occur from February to the summer. Whether it is mi- 
gratory is not yet known ; but it is almost certain to be so. 
Diff'ers from C. brachydactyla in having the breast and 
back marked with blackish brown: it is very like C. minor; 
but the same markings are more defined than in that species. 
148. Melanocorypha calandra (Linn.). The Calandra 
Lark. 
Spanish. Alondra, Calandria. 
The Calandra is extrcmelv abundant and resident on both 
