126 CORVID^. 
Family CoRviDiE. 
175. CoRvus coRAX, Linn. The Common Raven. 
Spanish. Cuervo. 
The Raven is found sparingly but very generally distributed 
on the Spanish side of the Straits, but does not seem to be 
found on the Moorish side. They are resident, and commence 
to ]^y about the middle of March, thus, very curiously, 
breeding later in Andalucia than in England (or, I had better 
say, in the north). One pair nest at Gibraltar, and, as is 
customary with Ravens, are the terror of all birds that 
approach their domain. Another pair nest at Casa Vieja, 
in the old quarry called la Cima, just outside the village. 
In no case that I have seen have their nests been in any 
thing like proximity to one another, the reverse being the case 
with Corvus tingitanus, that bird not showing such jealousy 
of its brethren. 
176. Corvus tingitanus, Irby. The Tangier Raven. 
Moorish. Grab. 
This species or race appears to me to be quite distinct from 
C. corax, and was noticed and described by me iu ' The Ibis, ' 
for 1874 (p. 264). 
Smaller than the Common Raven, C corax, it differs in 
the shape of the bill, which most resembles that of C culmi- 
natus of India. The note is different from that of C. corax ; 
and its very gregarious habits are opposed to those of our 
common Raven. 
Many specimens are very much marked with rusty brown 
on the wings and tail, others very slightly so. In all that I 
have seen there is a tinge of brown on the wings — not that 
this coloration is of any consequence in determining it as a 
distinct species. They also breed later than C. corax does on 
the Spanish side. 
This Raven is exceedingly abundant around Tangier and 
along the coast as far as some distance south of Larache. I 
did not observe any in the high parts about Apes' Hill. Out- 
side Tangier, flocks of them may be seen feeding on the refuse 
