134 COLUMBlDiE. 
living in rocks and even in the ramparts of the town, breeding 
both in a wild and in a domestic state all the year round/' — 
Favier. 
The Rock-Dove is plentiful on both sides of the Straits 
wherever there are rocks and caves, inland as well as on 
the coast. Many are resident at Gibraltar, on North Front 
and at the " back of the Rock f and at one time some sport 
was to be obtained upon getting permission to shoot them ; 
but a " young and inexperienced " arrival one day, instead of 
killing pigeons, shot one or more of the celebrated Gibraltar 
Apes, for which he, amongst suffering other indignities and 
punishments, was afterwards known as " Du Chaillu." In 
consequence of this exploit, all leave to shoot was thenceforth 
withheld, and very rightly so. 
The distinguishing marks of the Rock-Dove are the white 
rump and two dark bands on each wing. Pied and white 
varieties are frequently seen ; whether escaped tame Pigeons 
or real wild Rock-Doves, I cannot say. 
192. TuRTUR AURiTUS, Liuu. The Common Turtledove. 
Moorish. Imam, Stitsia, Spanish. Tortola. 
" Is a summer resident near Tangier, vast numbers arriving 
to cross the Straits in flocks during April and May, returning 
in September and October, then to retire south for the winter. 
This species is without doubt the origin of the domestic Turtle- 
dove, called limama or dekrallah (praise of God), some of 
which birds are pure white." — Favier. 
The common Turtledove is seen in extreme abundance in 
Andalucia, during its stay being a great object of pursuit to 
the Spanish tirador, who, in August, often makes apuesto, or 
hiding-place, near some favourite drinking-haunt of the doves, 
and shoots them much in the same way as the Partridge — 
that is, on the ground, three or four in a row ; only with these 
birds he has, of course, no reclamo, or call- bird. 
The Turtledove chiefly migrates during the first week in 
May, more arriving in that week than during all the rest of 
the time of their migration. I first saw one in 1870 on the 
11th, and in 1872 on the 14th of April. They mostly dis- 
