TURNICID^. 139 
months of March aud April^ whilst the autumnal passage is 
almost entirely executed during the latter half of September, 
at that time their numbers being sometimes almost incredible. 
The Andalucian cazadores profess to recognize two kinds 
of Quail — those which are migratory and called " Criollas," 
and those which are resident and so named " CastellanasJ' 
There is certainly much difference in the colour of the 
plumage and of the legs, the Criollas being lighter-coloured 
and slightly smaller birds than the Castellanas, which are very 
dark ; otherwise, in habits, note, and eggs, there is no differ- 
ence, although at a glance the resident and migratory races 
can be easily distinguished. 
There are a great number of these resident Quails, which, 
throughout the winter, seem to collect together and haunt 
certain favourite spots, these places never being without 
Quail. You may kill three or four and hunt about unable to 
find more ; but go to the same place in a few days^ time, and 
you will find that some fresh ones have taken possession of 
the ground. 
In summer Quail are universally distributed all over the 
cultivated country ; in autumn the best place to shoot them 
is in the maize-fields or, rather, stubbles. Vast quantities are 
caught in the spring with small nets by the aid of the " Quail- 
call " (pitillo) . The birds begin to call their love-note about 
the 9th of March; after that time their " quit que-twit " is to 
be heard on every side as long as the nesting-season lasts. 
They commence to lay in May ; and I have known of a nest 
with eleven eggs taken as late as the 17th October. 
Family TuRNiciDiE. 
199. TuRNix SYLVATicA, Desfout. The Andalucian Bush- 
Quail. 
Moorish. " Zerquil " {Favier) . Spanish. Torillo. 
" This little Quail is both resident and migratory in the 
vicinity of Tangier, and is a much less common bird than the 
ordinary Quail, C. vulgaris ; those which migrate pass north- 
wards during May and June, and are seen on the return pas- 
