EXHIBITION AT HAMBURG. 21 



New York, Connecticut, New Jersey, Rhode Island, Illinois, and Vermont, 

 sent representatives to show their great good will, and note the progress of 

 agricultural development. One of our distinguished sheep-breeders sent speci- 

 mens of his flock, and a few of our inventors and manufacturers samples of 

 American agricultural machines and implements. While the effort Avas being- 

 made to gather these evidences of American skill, merchants of New York and 

 Philadelphia, in consonance with their well known liberality, contributed about 

 five thousand dollars to defray the expenses of transportation of all articles 

 which might be forwarded. Independently of this, the German merchants, 

 bankers, and citizens of New York made a liberal donation, including a com- 

 plete assortment of agricultural implements. Thus, without direct aid from 

 the government, and principally through the influence of the tireless labors of 

 Austin Baldwin, of New York city, a very general interest was avv'akened, and 

 a creditable exhibition secured from the United States. 



No more accessible point could have been selected for an international exhi- 

 bition than the city of Hamburg. Hamburg is an independent republic, and a 

 member of the German Confederacy, with an area of one hundred and fifty 

 square miles, and a population of more than a quarter of a million. The city 

 of Hamburg is the capital of the republic. It is the principal city of Germany, 

 ranking third in trade and commerce of the cities of Europe. It is one of the four 

 Ilahse Towns, and contains a population of nearly two hundred thousand. It is 

 beautifully located on the north bank of the Elbe, at the mouth of the Alster, and 

 seventy-three miles from the German ocean. The Alster forms two beautiful 

 basins — one on the north of the city, and designated the Ouster Alster ; the 

 other within the fortifications of the city, and known as the Inner Alster. 

 These beautiful lakes add greatly to the beauty of the city, while they con- 

 tribute, by furnishing a ready means of transit to the suburbs, to the comfort 

 and luxury of the people. The city was formerly surroimded by fortifications, 

 and is still entered hy gates, which are closed at night, and at all hours of both 

 day and night guarded by a military police. The most beautiful part of the 

 city is that which surrounds the Inner Alster. 



Hamburg has railway communication with all parts of the continent, and, 

 by steam and sailing vessel^ keeps up commercial relations with all the lead- 

 ing ports of the world. During the yeai- 1859 there arrived at this port four 

 thousand five hundred and fifty-four (4,554) sea-going vessels, representing 

 the colors of twenty-five nations, and in 1860 no less than five thousand and 

 twenty-nine (5,029) sea-going vessels, representing twenty-six nationalities, 

 arrived at the port of this flourishing European city. During the years of 

 1859-'60, including all the arrivals from the rivers and seas, fifty-eight thousand 

 eight hundred and nineteen (58,819) vessels arrived in the former, and fifty- 

 nine thousand nine hundred and sixty-two (59,962) in the latter, year. 



The commerce of the city is- rapidly increasing. In 1852 the imports 

 were $125,449,222, whilst in 1857 the imports had increased to more than 

 •$224,000,000. The exports, during the same period, correspondingly in- 

 creased. A commercial treaty was established with Lubec as early as the 

 year 1214, and this treaty laid the foundation of the Hanseatic league. It was 

 made a free city of the Germanic empire in the year 1770, and united itself to 

 the Germanic confederation, as a free Hanse Town, on the 8th of June, 1815. 



Hamburg is not only the chief port of Germany, but to all northern Europe. 

 More than one hundred millions of the people of northern Europe can be sup- 

 plied with necessaries and luxui-ies through this port, more readily than by 

 any other channel of communication. Less than four hundred miles of water 

 separate it from the coast of England, and five hundred from the great me- 

 tropolis of the world, with which it has daily steamship communication. Thus 

 situated, it was a fit place for an international agricultural exhibition. The 

 exhibition grounds were on the outside of the city limits, and covered more 



