44 



AGRICULTURAL REPORT. 



A second reason may truthfully be given in the evident fact that this region 

 is peculiarly adapted to special enterprises, both mineral and agricultural, in- 

 volving oilliL'r capital or association, or both, such as coal mining, iron working, 

 salt-making, oil-working, wine-making, fruit-growing, dairying, and sheep hus- 

 bandry ; and hence its development has been retarded. 



But the most potent cause of delayed development, after all, as a matter of 

 fact which cannot be ignored or refuted, is the instinctive feeling in all unpreju- 

 diced minds that free labor is more profitable and honorable to all living upon 

 its product than servile, yielding more comely social results and sweeter moral 

 fruits ; that it is more conducive to the general health and happiness, and more 

 productive of mental culture and general intelligence ; and hence that its asso- 

 ciations and consequences, in the distant future, are infinitely more desirable 

 surroundings to that posterity for which it is the business of life to provide. 



Nor are Virginians, upon this point, practiciilly unbelieving. Whatever of 

 prejudice, so naturally begotten, inbred and instilled by habit and education, 

 may have swayed them, the suggestive fact remains that more of them have 

 sought homes in the free than in the slave States. lu opposition .to the pow- 

 erful control of habit and early association and inculcation, and oftimes even 

 in apparent violence to expressed opinions, humanity and self-preservation have 

 instinctively asserted their power, as will be seen by the following figures, 

 which designate the States in which persons born in Virginia were living 

 m 1860 : 



SLAVE. 



Alabama 7, 598 



Arkansas 6, 484 



Delaware 171 



Florida 654 



Georgia 5,275 



Kentucky 45,310 



Louisiana 2, 986 



Maryland 7,560 



Mississippi 6, 897 



Missouri 58, 957 



North Carolina 9,899 



South Carolina 1,117 



Tennessee 36, 647 



Texas .' 9,081 



Total 193,(3?!6 



FREE. 



California 5, 157 



Connecticut 302 



Illinois 32,978 



Indiana 36, 848 



Iowa 17,944 



Kansas 3, 487 



Maine , 116 



Massachusetts 1, 391 



Michigan 2, 176 



Minnesota 849 



New Hampshire 71 



New Jersey 880 



New York 3,650 



Ohio 75,874 



Oregon 1,273 



Pennsylvania 11,026 



Rhode Island 138 



Vermont 30 



Wisconsin 1,983 



Total 196,173 



This emigration would naturally be to Kentucky and Missouri. Those 

 States include 99,267 persons from Virginia ; and Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, and 

 Iowa, extending precisely the same distance west, contain, almost exclusively 

 in their southern portion, 163,644 of this population. 



