Mr. Shaw on the Facial Nerves. 127 



muscles. I shall therefore confine myself to the examination 

 of the state of the eye-lids. 



He could close the eye-lid of the paralyzed side as well as 

 the other ; and when his nose was irritated by the hartshorn, 

 or when he laughed, the orbicularis oculi, and corrugator 

 supercilii, were in complete action, so that the heaviness in the 

 expression of the upper part of the face, which is so remark- 

 able in paralytic persons, disappeared. Here then was proof 

 that those actions of the eyebrows which we find to be defi- 

 cient, when the portio dura is affected, are, in a case of common 

 palsy, quite perfect ; indeed, we may have daily opportunities, 

 while walking in the streets, of observing that patients with 

 palsy of one side of the body, have no difficulty in closing 

 the eyelids. 



The levator palpebrae, which is partly supplied by the 5th, 

 is, to a certain degree, paralyzed ; but the very common occur- 

 rence of paralysis in the levator palpebrae and iris, without any 

 other symptom of palsy, shews that these parts are not regu- 

 lated in the same manner as the muscles of the cheeks; the 

 cause of this difference will, perhaps, be explained, when we 

 have made further progress in the inquiry. 



State of the tongue. — He appears to have complete power 

 over the muscles of the tongue, as he can push it out or turn it 

 in any direction ; and when a piece of bread was put into any part 

 of his mouth, he could pick it out with the tip of his tongue, so 

 that there does not appear to be any defect in the motor linguae 

 or 9th nerve *. 



I next examined the degree of perfection in those powers of 



* The 9th nerve has been generally supposed to be for regulating the 

 motions of the tongue ; this opinion is, probably, in a great measure 

 correct, but I suspect that the motions of the tongue are not altogether 

 controlled by this nerve. I cut both'the 9th nerves in a dog; after this 

 operation, he appeared to lap the milk that was offered to liim, but he 

 could not swallow it; he filled his mouth with pieces of meat, but he 

 could not throw a bit over his throat ; still he seemed to have a considerable 

 degree of power over the motions of the tongue, and he barked very well. 

 As he had so entirely lost the power of taking food, it was necessary to kill 

 bim, to prevent his suffering from the most horrid tantalism. 



