Cleaveland on Mineralogy and Geology. 401 
ward of the Hudson, the rocks are, with a few exceptions, entire] imi- 
tive, and have the Atlantic for their eastern beginiary, The ap maicd 
breadth of this primitive tract is much diminished in the middle states : 
but in the southern states is again enlarged. From the Hudson to the 
Tombigbee, its visible boundary, on the south-east, is, with a very few 
exceptions, the aforementioned alluvial deposite; under which, however 
it undoubtedly extends more or less. Its north-western boundary, after 
crossing the parallel of 45° N. latitude, runs fifteen to twenty miles east of 
Lake Champlain, twelve miles east of Middleburg, and a little westward 
of Bennington in Vermont, twelve to fifteen miles east of Hudson, and 
twelve miles south-east of Poughkeepsie in New York ; it then bends to 
the south-west, crosses the Hudson, passes near Sparta, and ten or fifteen 
miles east of Easton on the Delaware, terminating in a point a few miles 
north of Bethlehem ; it again appears fifteen miles west from Trenton in 
New Jersey, runs about fifteen miles west of Philadelphia, ten miles east 
of York, and passing about twenty-two miles west of Washington, joins 
the Blue Ridge, along which it continues to Magothy Gap, and thence 
passes in a south-westerly direction, till it meets the allavial desaies near 
the river Nested py 
Primitive rocks also appear westward of Lake Champlain, and have f 
their general boundaries, Lakes Champlain and George ch the east the St. 
Lawrence on the north-west, and a line drawn from the Thousand Islands 
in the St. Lawrence, passing near the Mohawk, and terminating at Lake 
George, on the south-west. 
3. Transition Rocks.—Several transition and secondary formations, of 
comparatively small extent, are found within the limits assigned to the 
rimitive rocks ; but the greater part of the transition rocks found in the 
United States, lie north-west of the primitive, and form a long and narrow 
zone, extending from a little north-east of the Hudson, nearly to the river 
Alabama. The breadth of the zone is from twenty to one hundred miles. 
4. Secondary Rocks.—This great deposit lies north-west of the transition: 
rocks, extending from them to the Lakes, and from the Hudson to the west- 
ward of the Mississippi. This deposite is equally remarkable for the 
extent and uniformity of the formations which it embraces, and which con- 
sist of limestone and sandstone in strata nearly horizontal, on which often 
rests the independent coal formation. According to Mr. Maclure, there is 
reason to believe that this secondary deposite extends westward of the 
Mississippi, nearly to the foot of the Stony Mountains; thus presenting an 
area, whose diameter from east to west is about fifteen hundred miles, and 
from north to south about twelve hundred miles. 
A useful Vocabulary of scientific terms, and a copious Index 
closes the work. Five plates, besides the map, are added. 
The figures are well executed in outline, and consist chiefly of 
the forms of crystals, with some of dissected crystals, the go- 
niometer, &c. 
The lengthened attention we have bestowed on this work, 
almost renders it superfluous to add that we think highly of it. 
It is not faultless ; butits faults are few. Somewhat of unneces- 
sary repetition occurs occasionally in the introductory part, and 
now and then the arguments are not put with perfectly logical 
clearness and precision; but these instances are rare, and never 
serious, and in bidding Mr. Cleaveland farewell, we thank him 
for the pleasure and information he has afforded us, and con- 
gratulate our brother mineralogists of the Western Hemisphere, 
that a teacher of the science has arisen amongst them, “‘ tale 
ingenio preditum.” 
Vou. XIV. 2D 
