Flourens on the Nervous System. 429 
iris of this eye continues, notwithstanding the animal experiences 
at first a weakness much more marked on the opposite side of 
the body. In other respects, it goes on as usual. The two 
lobes being removed, there is no longer any vestige of volition, 
or of memory, or of any perception; memory, volition, percep- 
tion, reside then in the cerebral iobes. 
Experiment Ist. M. Flourens removed the cerebellum in suc- 
cessive layers from a pigeon; at the taking away of the first 
slice, the animal experienced but little weakness and hesitation 
inits motions. At the middle layers, its walk became unsteady 
and agitated, altogether like that of a drunken person; soon it 
could not walk without the assistance of its wings. The sec- 
tions being continued, the animal lost altogether the faculty of 
walking; its feet were no longer sufficient to support it, and 
it had to sustain itself on its tail and its wings ; it often at- 
tempted to walk or fly, but always without success. If it was 
pushed forward, it tumbled over its head ; if backwards, it 
rolled on its tail. The sections were carried farther; the ani- 
mal then lost the faculty: of keeping itself up on its wings and 
its tail; it tumbled continually, without being able to stop 
in any fixed position, or it finally rested flat on its back or 
belly. In other respects, it saw and heard very well; its air 
was lively, its head erect, and spirited. 
Experiment 2d. M. Flourens removed from a pigeon the right 
cerebral lobe ; the animal lost instantly the sight of the left eye ; 
but the contractility of the iris of that eye continued unchanged. 
There was also a marked feebleness in the right side of its body. 
With the exception of these two circumstances, the animal was 
well; it sustained itself, walked, ran, flew, saw with the other 
eye, understood, wished, felt as usual. The other lobe being 
removed, the sight of both eyes was instantly lost, but not the 
contractility of the iris. There was at first a very distinct ge- 
neral debility. Otherwise, the animal held itself perfectly up- 
right on its feet ; and in whatever position they put it, it main- 
tained its equilibrium. It walked, when pushed; it flew, when 
tossed into the air: but left to itself, it remained plunged as it 
were in a continual stupor. It never moved, except in propor- 
tion as it was irritated; it gave no sign of volition. Memory, 
vision, hearing, will; all its perceptions were extinguished. 
There is none of his numerous experiments which M. Flourens 
has not repeated on each of the four classes of vertebrated ani- 
mals; and he has always indicated the shades of greater or 
less depth, which characterize these classes. 
Since the nervous parts, from which sensation is derived, are 
distinct from the parts from which movement flows, we may con- 
ceive the possibility of determining at pleasure distinct palsies 
of feeling and motion. 'The most striking example of this real 
insulation, is that of the wonderful coincidence of the loss of 
