Buckland's Reliquiae Diluviana. 345 



from animals that retired to die there, as the antediluvian bears did in the 

 caves of Germany. 



In the neighbourhood of Swansea a number of human bones 

 have also been found in a fissure of the limestone-rock ; these 

 are apparently the remains of bodies thrown in after a battle, and 

 are not associated with any more ancient bones, or any appear- 

 ances which connect them with antediluvian relics. 



These and other instances of the existence of human bones, 

 lead us to refer them to periods subsequent to those of the 

 unequivocal diluvial deposits ; indeed, the great abundance of 

 the remains of wild animals in the latter lead us to believe that 

 the countries could not have been inhabited by man ; but that, 

 on the contrary, the beasts must then have enjoyed sole dominion. 

 Upon this subject our author agrees in opinion with Mr. Weaver. 



That the satisfactory solution of the general problem, as far as it relates 

 to man, is probably to be sought more particularly in the Asiatic regions, 

 the cradle of the human race ; and that another interesting branch of 

 inquiry connected with it is, whether any fossil remains of elephant, rhino- 

 ceros, hippopotamus, and hyaena, exist in the diluvium of tropical climates ; 

 and if they do, whether they agree with the recent species of these genera, 

 or with those extinct species, whose remains are dispersed so largely over 

 the temperate and frigid zones of the northern hemisphere. 



Having thus illustrated his account of Kirkdale, and of the 

 caves in England, by a comparative view of similar caverns and 

 fissures on the Continent, our author proceeds in the second part 

 of his book, to consider the evidence of diluvial action afforded by 

 the accumulation on the earth's surface of loam and gravel, con- 

 taining the remains of the same species of animals that we find in 

 the caves and fissures, and by the form and structure of hills and 

 valleys in all parts of the world. Of these remains, the bones of 

 the fossil elephant are the most remarkable from their general 

 and abundant dispersion ; it differs from all living species of that 

 genus, but approaches more closely to the Asiatic than to that 

 of Africa ; and, if we may judge from the Siberian specimen 

 already adverted to, it was clothed with a coarse reddish wool, 

 interspersed with stiff black hair, forming a long mane on its 

 neck and back, and was at least l6 feet high. 



It was to be expected that the remains of this gigantic animal 

 should be found in the diluvial gravel of Yorkshire, from the fact 

 already established, that these animals inhabited the neighbourhood 

 (if Kirkdale, whilst its caverns were occupied by the hyaena ; and 

 accordingly tusks and bones of elephants of enormous size have 

 been found in the diluvium at Robin Hood's Bay, near Whitby ; 

 at Scarborough, Bridlington, and several other places along the 

 shore of Holdeniess. Proceeding southwards we also find them in 

 the interior of Suffolk, Norfolk, and Essex ; and at Walton, near 

 Harwich they arc extremely abundant, blended with other dilu- 

 vial bones. In the valley of the Thames they have been discovered 

 at Sheppy, the Isle of Dogs, Lewisham, London, Brentford, Kew, 

 Wallingford, Dorchester, Abingdon, and Oxford. On the south 



