24 



Chemical Experiments in Dying Cotton. 



[Aug. 1, 



the bufy crowds of tlie city, and in gloom 

 and folitude configned himklf alive to his 

 fepulchre ? a niodc of death in comparifoa 

 to which, 



" The wearied uni mod loathed worldly life 

 That age, acFIe, penury, imprifonmenc, 

 Can lay on nature, were a paradife ?" 



A few lines by an anonymous poet re- 

 cord the fate of a man thus mifijrable. 



rr,f ai' !J ■JTEVIJI T£Tpy,MEVOJ. 



By years and mifery vforn, no hand to fave 



With feme poor pittance from a defperate 

 grave, 



With the fmali ftrength my wretched age 

 fupplied, 



I crawl'd beneath this lonely pile and died. 



Screen'd from the fcoft" of pride, and gran- 

 deur's frown, 



In this fad fpot I laid my fufferings down, 



Revers'd the laws of death, the common 

 doom. 



And, while my life-blood flow'd, foreftall'd 

 the tomb. 



On a geieral review of this melancholy 

 fubjc6t, it is alincft impolTible to conclude 

 ctherwife than with Menander, that 

 A flattering malk the feeming-happieft wear, 

 —Within, man's univerfal lot they bear. 



And witli Homer, that care and trouble Is 

 the unchanging decree pronounced againll 

 the human race, and that happinefs is no- 

 where but in heaven, 



'i2f yap 'iTTtx'Kais-avro 0£oi JEiTioin Bforiis-i 

 2ti>eiv ''a^viJ.ivm- 'aurot ii r' 'axries; 'tis-j. 



To /he Editor of the Monthly Magazine. 



SIR, 



I READ with pleafure in your Maga- 

 zine for March, p. 115, an interefting 

 article on the Origin and Clafles of Sur- 

 name;?, in which ynui' Correfpondcnt H. 

 R. exprtflls 3 wifli to hnve point^^d out 10 

 him any work written upon this fubjeiil. 

 Subjoined to a book, entitled " Nomcn- 

 clator Gecgraphicus, per Tho7/ias Gore, Ar- 

 Tmgerv.m,''' Oxon. 1667, in Svo. appears, 

 by the famr compiler, a " Series Alpha- 

 bet ica Latino- Arglica Nomir-um Genti- 

 litioriim, five Cognominuni plurimarum 

 Faniiiiarum, quse niulfos per annos in 

 Anglia flarueie : e libris qra Manufcrip- 

 tis, quaTypis excufis, aliilique Antiqulo- 

 ris !E\\ Monumentis Laiinis collefta.".*— 

 At the commencenitnt of tlie work is 

 given an" Elenchus Auihnium" cited in 

 this Nomenclator, comp'ifing near one 

 hundred names. Though this may not 

 exafliy meet the idea of H. R. yet as it 

 may alTilt to elucidate the etymnjogy of 

 Englifli fuinarr.es, I beg lc:u'e to meniicn 



it to him ihrongh the medium of your Ma- 

 gazine. I think I have heard that the 

 Nomenclator above-mentioned has been 



republifhed with confiderable additions. 



It is a compilation ufcful to refer to when 

 reading any of our early hiilorical works 

 written in the Latin language. But, from 

 a fc.uce work by Verftegan, intitled, 

 ^' ReOituticn of Decayed Intelligence," 

 in 4to, 1634, HiR. would d.>ubtlefs re. 

 ceive much curious information on this 

 fubjea. J. G. 



Tor the Monthly Magazine. 



A CHEMICAL EXAMINATION of the EF- 

 FECTS of different mord..»nts in dv- 



ING COTTON 0/"a RED COLOUR. Bj 

 CITIZEN J. A. CHAPTAL. 



nnHE progrefs of dying, like that of 

 JL every other art, has hitherto been 

 greatly retailed by an attachment to 

 long eftablifhed modes and practices. A 

 month, for example, is deemed frarcely 

 fufficient to obtain what is termed a beau- 

 tiful Adrianople red, and in which foda, 

 oil, gall-nuts, fulphate of alomine, fu- 

 mach, blood, the gaflric juice, madder, 

 Ibap, nitro-muriate of tin, &c. are all 

 fucctflively employed. In order to pro- 

 duce either a r.ipid or certain improvement 

 in any art whatever, inliead of the indif- 

 criminate adoption of complicattd pro- 

 cefTes, without regard to any juft the<'ry, 

 all our operations ought to be founded on 

 fimple prnciples, and witli which we can 

 compare the rel'ults of our labours. Che- 

 iniltiy is now fulTicienily advanced to fur- 

 rilb fuch fundamental principles ; and 

 thefe ought to be to theartiil what formu- 

 Ije are to the mathematician. In order to 

 illuftrate thefe obfervations, I (hall, in the 

 following Paper, examine, upon chemical 

 principles, the aftion ol the three principal 

 nioiilants, oil, nut-galls, ar)d alumina, 

 employed in dying cotton of a red colour. 



It is well known, that unlefs cotton be 

 previoufly impregnated with oil, .it does 

 not permanently prefcrve the red tint im- 

 parted to it by madder. The red hue 

 wiiich we apply by printing does not pof. 

 fefs nearly the fame degree of fixity, fince 

 it cannot refift the afiioa of fcda. In 

 order to fubjei5l the cotton to this prelimi- 

 n5ry operation, we form a cold fapona- 

 ceous liquor composed of oil and a weak 

 folution of foda. 



Ti-.e only advantage attending the ufe 

 of the alkaline lixivium is, fo to dilute 

 and divide the oil, that it may be uni- 

 foimly applied to every part of the cob- 

 ton. 



It 



