1805.] 



New Patents lately enrolled. 



49 



fcarcely a perfon is to be feen in Lonr5cn 

 without one. Parafols are ftiil confiiied to 

 the life of the fair ftx, and, though intend- 

 ed fird as a flisde from the direft rays of 

 the fun, they are now not unfrequently 

 leen to defend the fair from the dult, the 

 wind, and even the light in tiie dulieft days 

 of fummer. Mr. Bennet, taking advantage 

 of this rage for parafjis and umbrellas, has 

 invented fotne improvements in their con- 

 ftruftion, and given them in this ftate the 

 name of faratouts. Of thefe there are fe- 

 veral kinds which are capable of being ge- 

 nerally cr only partially expanded. 



The handle is made to draw out like a 

 telefcope. The head is like that of other 

 parafols, and may be made to any fancy ; 

 but to move it up and down, there are fan 

 ftretchers, fliell ftretchers, and another 

 movement called a trigger. When the 

 parafout is to be completely expanded it 

 J3 lo be held inverted in the hand, the 

 Ike'chers to be prefTed forward, and the 

 telefcope handle drawn out. By prefling 

 the trigger and drawing the hand down- 

 ward, one fide falls down, and it afllimes 

 the ftiape of a canopy, which renders it 

 very ferviceable in a meridian fun, and in 

 an open carriage. Both fides may be let 

 down, leaving room only for the head, 

 which is thought to be very convenient in 

 crowded walks of fafhion, or as a hand 

 fcreen for fhading the fight from the glare 

 in the theatre ; or by being placed in a pro- 

 per Ifand it may be u!ed as a fire or a 

 candle fcreen. The handle may be pu(h- 

 ed in, and then it anfwers the purpofe of a 

 fan. 



Umbrellas are made on the fame princi- 

 ple, and are found ufeful in ftormy wea- 

 ther. 



MR. W. H. CLAYFIELD'S (BRISTOL), 



for feparating Polajh and Soda from 

 their Sulphates and Sulphurets, as in 

 Soapers'' Black- ajh, and other fimilar 

 Compounds. 



Mr. C. converts the fujphates or vitrVHc 

 fait! into fulphurets by the ufiial procefs ; 

 and as to theobjeft ol his patent, he fays, 

 The fulphurets being formed, and the 

 matter flill in a ftate of fufion, he adds 

 more charcoal, or other combultible mat- 

 ter, to convert the mals into a pafte, and 

 headdi lead both in its metallic ftate, and 

 in the Hate of oxide or c.ilx, which metal 

 unites with the fulphur ol the compound, 

 forms a fulphuret of lead, and Itav.a the 

 alkalis united with a portion of carbonic 

 at'id formed from the coal and other in- 

 fliiTimable fubilancet. A v^ry low red 

 heat, frequent ftirring, the addition of 

 WcNTfTLY Mag, No. 131. 



charcoal, and an intimate mixture with 

 lead, are nccefTary to the operation. 



The compound niafsmu it then be with' 

 drawn from the furnace, and frequently 

 fprinklcd with water, broke up, and ex- 

 pofed to the action of the atmofphere forai. 

 week or ten days, after which the alkalis, 

 being nearly faturated wirh carbonic acid, 

 may be feparated with fuch other I'alts as 

 may be prefent, by lixiviating the mafs.and 

 the fulphuret of lead will remain behind. 

 The neutral falts may be feparated from 

 the above by cryftallizacion, and the al- 

 kalis obtained by boiling down the folu- 

 tion. 



Where the fulphafes of potafh or foda 

 areuled in a dry Itate, the proportions are 

 about two thirds the weight of charcoal, 

 and about five parts of lead to four of the 

 fulphate. Soapers' black-afn requires 

 much lei's. 



M. W. E. BARON VAN DOORHlK (WELL- 



street), for aCompofiiionfor Wajh' 



ingy Scouring, &c. 



Marl or faponaceovis earth is to be pro- 

 cured, dritd In a kiln, and reduced to fine 

 powder. Then, to n«ke a ton of the pa- 

 tent compofition, the Baron takes 690 

 pounds oftaiiow,orotherfat, and prcweds 

 to make it into f ap j but when it is nearly 

 converted into foap, he puts into another 

 boiler 4iolbs. of the pulverized earth, with 

 an equal quantity of ftrong ley, fli.ring it 

 conftantly, and after boiling it a few hours, 

 he pours it, when hot, into the boiler ot 

 foap, prepared with tallow or fat, being 

 alfo hot, and brings the whole into a li- 

 quid ftate, by pouring in agolbs, of the 

 leys. Then he keeps it tui^img and boil- 

 ing gently for about an hour, when it is 

 put into frames, where it is left to cool 

 till the next day, and then he cuts it up 

 with brafs wires, in the fame manner as is 

 done in the procefs of making foap. 



MR. JACOB BUFFINGTON'S (ERISTOl), 



for a Method of ftraining or J}r etching aiC 



Kinds of H'oollen Cloth for cropping or 



Jhearing. 



To ftraln cloth or any other ft uflFs that 

 require to be ftrained, the patentee fecure«- 

 the lifts of the cloth to one edge of a ftrong 

 web by lacing or otherwife j the otiier 

 edge of the web is made f.ift: to a fmall 

 rope or cord that paflTes through apertures 

 in frames, fo made as to I'ufFcr the web to 

 pafs freely when moved forwards, and to 

 prevent the rope or cord from drawing out 

 in the aft of {training. In this fpecifica- 

 tion, we have a reprefentarion ot a frame 

 which anfweis the purpole ot the inven- 

 G lion : 



