-«4S 



New Patents lately enrolled. 



[Oct. 1. 



teria! of which a tube can be formed. 

 The upper part of this tube refembles in 

 fliape, an inverted fyphon, into which is 

 to be inferted fuch a quantity of quick- 

 filver, or other fluid, as will fill up the 

 diameter, at the curve or circular bottom 

 of the inftrument ; the long leg, or branch, 

 is to be infertid into the vent-hole, bung- 

 hole, or aperture, in the upper part of the 

 cafk, which hole fliould be lb clofed as 

 totally to prevent any air from paiTing 

 in or out of the ca(k or velTcl, excepting 

 through the tube ; the confcquence of 

 which will be, that by every alteration, 

 tither of tiie quantity of the fluid within 

 the cafk, or its flate, the quickfilver or 

 fluid in the tube will be operated upon, 

 and will vibrate, or be forced towards the 

 enlarged part of either of the branches of 

 that pait of the tube denominated an in- 

 verted fyphon, fo as to permit a fufricient 

 quantity of air to introduce itfclf into the 

 VtfTi.-), or io emit itftf from it, as occafiun 

 may require; immediately after which the 

 quickfilvcr or fluid will refume its fitu- 

 ation, operating in principle as a perpetual 

 ftopptr, valve, or regulator. By which 

 properties the invention polTcfTes the ad- 

 vantages of adjulling '.he a;mof"[>here 

 *<ithni the viflel, prckrving thereuy the 

 liquor in a conltant ffate for ufe, and pre- 

 venting it becoming dead or flat, iiot- 

 vtithilanding a diminution of its quantity ; 

 alio preventing its burfling the c?.fk or 

 veffel during its fei mentation, which it 

 mud do when the cafk or vtlFel is clofed 

 with a common vent-peg, and which if 

 taken out to prevent this inconvenience, 

 and not reinftated the in(tant fermentation 

 ha.s lubiided, the ciiculatinn of the aimof- 

 pheric air on '.he I'urface of the liquor will 

 cccafion it to become dead, and unfit for 

 ufe; both which events the inftrument or 

 regulator here defcribed is calculated to 

 prevent. 



ilR.SAMUEL LUC/IS'S (SHEFFIELD), /cr 



a Method of feparaUng th' Impuriths of 

 Cafi Iron ivithout melting it, and of ren- 

 dering the fame maUeubie, i^c, ijc. 



The pig or cafl iron being firfl made or 

 cafl into fuch form as may be mofl con- 

 venient for the p;;rpofes for which it is 

 jn.tnded, i» to be put into a furnace to- 



gether with a fuitable quantity of iron 

 ftone, iron ore, (bme of the metallic oxyds, 

 lime, or any combination of thefe previ- 

 oufly reduced into powder or fmall pieces, . 

 or with anv ether fubftance capable of 

 conjoining with, or abforbing, the carbon 

 of the crude iron. A degree of heat is 

 then to be applied, fo intenfe as to efFe6l 

 an union of the carbon of the caft iron 

 with the lubilance made ufe of, and con- 

 tinued (b long a time as fhall be found 

 neceiTary to mike the call iron either par« 

 tially cr peifeflly malleable, according to 

 the purpofes for which it may be wanted. 

 If it be inter.ded to make the iron per- 

 feftly malleable, from one half to two- 

 thirds of its weight of iron flone, iron 

 ore, or other fubftance, will be found fuf- 

 ficient. Five or fix day* and nights the 

 heat muft be continued, and towards the 

 dole of the procefs this cannot be too 

 gieat. But the proportion of the feveral 

 I'ubrtapces made ul'e of, and the degree 

 and duration of the heat applied, mufl 

 greatly depend not only on the nat\ire of 

 thofe (iibft^nces, but alfo on the naiuieand 

 quali:ies of the call iron employed. The 

 cait iron to be rendered malleable, and the 

 fubffances to be made ufe of for that pur- / 

 pofc, may be placed in the furnace in aL 

 ternate layers ; and, in order to prevent 

 the iron ftone, &c. from adhering to the 

 iron, a thin layer of. (and may be placed 

 between them. For the improvement of 

 articles manufadtured of caft iron, the 

 fame dire£lions may be obferved ; except 

 that when the articles are fmall, a lefs pio- 

 portion of the fubltances for producing 

 malleability will be required, and alio a 

 lels degiec and continuation of heat. 



MR. JOB RtDER's (belfast), for I/a- 

 proiiements on the Steam Engine. 



The improvements defcribed in this 

 fpecification confifl, (i) In lining the 

 Itcam cylinder or cylinders with a (oft 

 metal, or a compofition of metal, fimilar 

 to hard pewter, of a fufficient thicknefs 

 to admit of finifhing the inlide of the 

 cylind-r of fuch metal by draw-boring or 

 otherwife. (2) In applying a hollo-v 

 piflon-rod, anl'wering the piirpofe of an 

 eduction pipe. (3) In the order of open- ' 

 ing and fhutting the valves: and (^^) In 

 regulating the engine's fpeed. 



MONTHLY 



