NORTH AMKRICAN HATKACIIIA ANI> KKriTIJA. 



otoid ii'lands not foi-ininn' an ovoid distinct mass. Four plialan^vs 

 in fourth toe. 



a. Costal grooves 10 ; palatine series in tliree patches. 



9. A. talpoideum, (ITolbr.) Gray. ]\Iole Salamander, llead 

 broad, width contained about three and five-tenths times in 

 distance from snout to groin; external nares much closer together 

 than internal; palatine series of teeth convex backwards; tail 

 short, compressed; ])atches of large pores on head; color brown 

 or blackish above, paler beneath, irregularly marked with gray 

 of a lichen-Hke character; dusky spots on back and tail ; L. 

 three and one-half inches. Austroriparian region; mountains of 

 South Carolina. 



h. Costal grooves 11; ])alatine series of teeth three. 

 a.'. Xo or one indistinct p)lantar tubercle. 



10. A. opacum^ (Graven) Bd. Opaque Salamander. Mid- 

 dle series of teeth transverse or concave, behind ])Osterior margin 

 of nares; width of head in specimens three inches long, less 

 than four times in distance from snout to groin; in adults, four 

 and seven-tenths times; no i-egular ])atches of conspicuous pores 

 on head and ]iarotoids. Bhick, with a dorsal series of transverse 

 grayish bands about fourteen in number, which are sometimes 

 more or less confluent and sometimes interrupted medially ; L. 

 three and one-half inches. From Pennsylvania to Florida; 

 AVisconsin and Texas. 



11. A. punetatuw, (Linn) Bd. Large Spotted Salamander. 

 Teeth as in the last; width of licad in small specimens, three and 

 tive-tenths times to groin; in adults, four and five-tenths times; 

 patches of conspicuous pores on head and parotoids; a dee^) dorsal 

 groove; black, with a series of round bright yellow spots on 

 each side of back; in alcoholic specimens, brown above with 

 white spots ; L. six inches. United States east of the plains; 

 Nova Scotia. 



12. A. consper.suin, Cope. Smaller Spotted Sahiniander. 

 Middle series of teeth convex, advancing beyond posteriin* margin 

 of nares; width of head about four and flve-tenths times in 

 distance to groin; skin smooth; body qiiite free from visible 

 pores; no distinct dorsal groove; color above, leaden beneath 

 paler; sides with one or two series of small whitish S])ots ; L. 

 two and two-thirds inches. Pennsylvania to Georgia. 



y. Plantar tubercles two, distinct. 



13. A. bicolor, Hallowell. Middle series of teeth straight, 

 nearly divided; external nares mucli closer together than internal; 

 width of head more than one-quarter distance to groin; tail short, 

 much compressed; dorsal fur row^ slight; color above, olive brown; 



