NORTH AMERICAN BATRACIIIA AND RErTILIA. 15 



black above and below; L. six inches. Mountains, soutliward 

 from Pennsylvania; N. Illinois. 



Family PLEURODELID^. 

 Genus Diemtctylus, Ralin. 



Palatine teeth in two longitudinal series, diverging behind; 

 tongue attached, lateral margin alone slightly free ; ribs rudimen- 

 tary; tail small, compressed from base; toes four in front, live 

 behind, the inner and outer rudimentary. 



41. D. miniatus^ subsp. miniatus, (Paf.) Cope. Red Eft. 

 Above red ; sides with a row of large vermilion spots ; beneath 

 paler or yellowish, with numerous black dots; skin rougher than 

 the following; terrestial; L. three and one-half inches. Eastern 

 and Austroriparian regions. 



42. D. miniatus^ subsp. viridescens^ (Raf.) Cope. Sj^otted 

 Triton. Above olive-green, varying in shade, with a pale dorsal 

 streak; beneath lemon-yellow; other markings as in the preced- 

 ing ; dorsal crest more developed ; aquatic. Eastern and Austro- 

 riparian regions. 



Order ANURA. 



Synopsis of Sub-Orders and Families. 



A. Toothless. 



a. Epicoracoid* divergent from coracoid, and connected with 

 it by a longitudinal cartilaginous arch which is free from, 

 but overlaps corresponding arch on opposite side. 



Sub-order Bufoniformia. 



Superior plate of ethmoid ossified ; sacral diapophyses 



dilated ; coccyx attached to two condyles ; tongue 



free posteriorly Bufonidce. 



h. Epicoracoids, when present, in contact with coracoids; 

 the distal ends of the former separated from those of 

 tlie latter by articular cartilage only. 



Sub-order Firmisternia. 

 Epicoracoids wanting; sacrum and coccyx not con- 

 fluent; sacral diapoj^hyses dilated. . . Engystomidce. 



B. Teeth on up])er jaw. 



a. Epicoracoids directed forward, divergent from coracoids, 

 and connected with them by overlapping cartileges. 



Sub-order Arcifera. 



*The precovacoicl and acromial nf some authors. 



