16 NORTH AMERICAN BATRACHIA AND REPTILIA, 



a". Coccyx and sacrum articulated by two condyles. 

 Sacral diapoplijses dilated ; vertebriE proccelian ; 

 terminal phalanges articulated inferiorly to penul- 

 timate, swollen at base, distal portion slender, 



nail-like ; abdomen areolate Hylldoi. 



Sacral diapopliyses cylindrical; vertebree procce- 

 lian ; mandible toothless ; terminal phalanges not 

 as in preceding Cystignathidce. 



y. Coccyx and sacrum confluent; sacral diapopliyses 

 dilated ; vertebra procoelian ; terminal phalanges 



continuous, conical Scaphiopidce. 



h. Epicoracoids in contact with coracoids, not connected 

 with them by overlapping cartilages. 



Sub-order Ramformia. 



Sacral diapopliyses cylindrical; xiphisternum and 

 manubrium osseous ; ear well developed ; fronto- 

 parietals never embracing fontanelle . . . Ranidte. 



Artificial Synopsis of Families. 



A. Toothless. 



a. Parotoid glands present; tympanic membrane visible; 



skin more or less warty Bufonidce. 



h. No parotoid glands; tympanic membrane concealed; 



skin smooth Engystomidce. 



B. Teeth on upper jaw. 



a. Parotoid present ; a large, flat-edged spur on heel. 



Scaphiopidce. 

 h. Ko parotoids or large spur on heel. 



X. Terminal phalanges dilated; external metatarsi 

 bound together. 



abdomen granulated ; terminal phalanges swollen 

 at base and with slender, nail-like ends . . Hylidm. 

 2. Abdomen smooth ; terminal phalanges swollen 

 at end and terminating in a viscous disk. 



Cystigna thidce. 



y. Terminal phalanges continuous ; external metatarsi 



sei^arated by a web Ranidm. 



Sub-order BUFONIFOKMIA. 



Family BUFONIDvE. 

 Genus Euro, Laurenti. 



Ear perfectly developed; prefrontals in contact with each 

 other and with the fronto-parietals, the latter entirely osseous; 



