84 
are in tranquillity; but Peru, Mexico, 
and Brazil, are still unsettled. In 
Pera much treachery to the public 
cause exists ; and, if that country main- 
tains its independence, it will be in- 
debted, like Columbia, to the virtues 
and prudence of Simon Bouivar, the 
George Washington ofhisage. Brazil 
is disturbed by a scion of European 
legitimacy, who is affecting to recon: 
cile the follies of this caste with the 
rights of the people. Relative to 
Mexico, reports are contradictory, and 
the issue of the new adventnre of 
lturbide is expected with impatience. 
NEW SOUTH WALES. 
Mr. Oxley, surveyor general, re- 
turned in January from surveying part 
of the coast to the northward, and 
succeeded in discovering a river iti 
Moreton Bay, lat. 28° (which he has 
named the brisbane), superior to any 
yet known in New Holland. He 
ascended it for dfty miles, and saw its 
course from an eminence for thirty or 
forty further, being compelled to return 
from further examination for want of 
provisions. It is three miles broad at 
the entrance, and has usually from 
three to nine fathoms water up to 
where he left off the survey ; but about 
twenty miles from the sea it is crossed 
by a ledge of rocks, over which there 
are only twelve feet at high water. At 
the distance to which he penetrated, 
the tide rose four fect and a half, and 
ran upwards of four miles per hour. 
The country all round was an undu- 
lating level, abounding in very superior 
timber, the soil rich, and well covered 
with grass, but rather stony. The 
river came from the south-west in the 
direction of the Macquarie marshes, of 
which it may probably prove the out- 
let, being at the termination of Mr. 
Oxley’s survey about 350 miles in a 
direct line from where he lost the 
Macquarie river among reeds, in his 
former trip info the interior. The 
country around was not subject to 
flood, no marks of it being seen higher 
than seven feet above the then level of 
the -river, which was considerably 
within the banks. It contained abun- 
dance of fish, and several parrots were 
shot in the vicinity, of the same species 
as have hitherto only been found near 
the banks of the Macquarie. A river 
of tolerable magnitude, calfed the 
Tweed, was also’ discovered. behind 
Mount Warning, a little to the south- 
ward of the last,.with a fine bar- 
Political Affairs in Julys 
[Aug. 1, 
harbour of fourteen feet, and the 
country seemingly good around, A 
smaller one, called the Boyne, was also 
found in Port Curteis. ‘the governor 
intended. proceeding to survey the 
Brisbane in April, in his Majesty’s ship 
Tees, lately arrived from India. Mr. 
Oxley’s health having been materially 
injured by his two former hazardous 
expeditions, the hardships encountered 
in this last bad given it a still severer 
shock ; but he had nearly recoyered at 
the period. of the Competitor's depar- 
ture, and was anxious to set out on - 
afurther journey of discovery for the 
benefit of sciente, and ihe colony to 
which his patriotic and meritorjous 
exertions have already been so ser 
viceabie. ' 
Mr. Archibald Bell, jun. of Rich: 
mond-hill, had also discovered a new 
route over the Biue Mountains, to 
Bathurst, by way of Richmond, which 
passes through a fertile, well-watered, 
bushy country ; and, besides conside- 
rably redacing the distance, the road 
will be comparatively level, and free 
from nearly all the obstacles which 
render the bleak and barren one now 
used so uninviting to the traveler, and 
illadapted for the passage of carriages 
and cattle. The veteran corps lately 
disbanded is to be settled along this 
line. ; 
A stage-coach has recently com- 
menced running daily between Sydney 
and Parramatta, and a second caravan 
was preparing to run between Sydney. 
and Parramatta daily ; a third between 
Parramattaand Liverpool; and a stage- 
coach between Pazramatta and Winds 
sor; so that travellers may now pro- 
ceed, by daily stages, to all the well 
settled parts of the colony. The five 
hives of bees taken out by Capt. Wal: 
lace, of the Isabella, are thriving well, 
and have thrown off many swarms, the 
greater part of which have escaped 
into the woods, where they will multi. 
ply fast, from the climate and country. 
being so favourable to their propaga- 
tion; so that wild honey and wax may. 
hereafter become objects of interest to 
the colonist for domestic purposes:and 
exportation, besides what will be 
produced from the bees in their tame 
State. ; 
Mr. Hannibal M‘Arthur some time 
ago imported six young olive-trees 
from England, from five of which 
eighty-three young plants have. been 
raised by means. of layers, while the 
parent 
