1824.] 
‘ing Upsal, the seat of a university. The 
Swedes, therefore, generally speaking, 
may be somewhat tardy in the progress 
of science and literature, but this cir- 
cumstance is not imputable to any want 
of aptitude in the nation or to any fault 
of the climate. The great obstacle is the 
difficulty of communication with other 
countries. Sweden requires an esta- 
blishment like one in Denmark, of more 
than forty years standing. Every week, 
one or more caravans set out from- Ham- 
burgh for Copenhagen, and from Copen- 
hagen for Hamburgh, with mercantile 
commodities, and the carriage low- 
priced. The Copenhagen booksellers, 
whose shops are very numerous and 
well-stocked, take advantage of this; 
and, whenever. a new work arrives at 
Leipsick, the Hamburgh booksellers do 
not fail to procure it. The author re- 
commends this plan to the Swedish go- 
vernment, for which steam - packets 
would, as he says, afford facilities. 
Tn the island of Iceland, an ancient 
voleano, which for sixty-eight years had 
given no indications of an eruption, 
ejected vast masses of water, cinders, 
and mud, between the Ist and 13th of 
July last. This aqueous eruption then 
suddenly ceased, the smoke of the 
crater disappeared, and the top of the 
mountain was visible. Its direction was 
towards the sea, which occasioned the 
less damage; but, in its course, it over- 
spread five Danish, or about six-and- 
twenty English miles. 
SOUTH AMERICA. 
The congress and government of 
Peru are entirely favourable to the esta- 
blishment of a system of national edu- 
eation. One of the articles of the con- 
stitution with which the congress is at 
present occupied, is, that no individual 
can be a citizen of Peru unless he can _ 
read and write. In Canada, Lieut.West 
has established a school of mutual in- 
struction at Quebec. In the isle of 
Madeira, the Journal published by the 
British and Foreign ‘Schoo! Society, 
gives satisfactory evidence of the suc- 
- eess and progress of the Lancastrian 
System. In Russia, the number of 
schools of mutual instruction has in- 
éreased throughout the whole extent of 
that vast country with unexampled ra- 
pidity. At Copenhagen, a report re- 
y presented to the king of Denmark 
on the same subject is equally consoling 
to philanthropy. 
EGYPT. 
The Revue Encyclopédique contains 
the following extract of a letter from 
Monrury Mac. No. 400. 
Literary and Miscellaneous Intelligence, 
161 
Grand Cairo, dated Jan. 8, 1823: “1 
have visited the Pacha, Mohammed Aly ; 
he is about fifty years of age, and has a 
very expressive physiognomy. ‘He plyed 
me with a number of questions, in re- 
spect of the military force of the Per- 
sians, their regular troops, &c. and made 
inquiries as to the news of Bagdad. 
His interpreter is M, Bogos, an Ameri- 
can, who appears to possess great influ- 
ence with him, and is considered as a 
very intelligent character. I visited 
the arsenal, the manufacture of printed 
cotton stuffs, the printing-office, &c. 
The Pacha has introduced into these 
and other establishments, all the Euro- 
pean machinery. He has also erected a 
telegraphic line between Cairo and Alex- 
andria; by this conveyance, he receives 
and expedites intelligence from one city 
to the other in the space of an hour, 
An Englishman has brought here, from 
London, a steam-engine, and a drag to 
clean rivers and to fish with, but these 
are not yet prepared for use. ‘The 
Pacha is now building a national bank, 
and an establishment for coining money. 
His liberality is boundless to effect the 
accomplishment of his schemes, and the 
activity of his genius is no less remark- 
able. Europeans are particularly, em- 
ployed by him, and constitute the 
principal objects of his encouragement. 
He is, in a word, become above all 
prejudices. His conduct excites much 
jealousy among the Beys, but he has 
signified to them, that if they do not 
approve of his system they are at li- 
berty to retire. He is now levying a 
numerous corps to be. officered by 
Franks and Mamelukes, and recruits 
from peasants in the country, and with 
Arabs of Mount Libanus, whose chief 
has lately retired to Cairo; and, being 
under the Pacha’s protection, has en- 
gaged to procure a certain number of 
warriors of that tribe, which boasts of 
having never been conquered. The Pa- 
cha has, moreover, employed agents to 
furnish him with nearly 500,000 Euro- 
pean muskets. He has great projects 
in view, and unless intercepted by the 
treachery of the Turkish chiefs, he will 
no doubt finally succeed. The canal 
that he has lately excavated near Koa, 
on the Nile, is about sixty miles in 
length, and is considered a noble un- 
dertaking. Mohammed has also on the 
banks ot the Nile a very elegant palace, 
in the Italian style. At present, he is 
decorating the fountains of his capital 
with lions, crocodiles, and columns of 
marble brought fromettaly. The actual 
Y population 
