228 Committals to Prison, and Bills found, in the Years 1821-22-23. [Oct. 1, 
timately supersede those. of all other 
constructions across: rapid rivers, or 
wherever a deep current and _ variation 
of level form a serious objection to 
driving piles and the erection of piers. 
A, 
pass Ad ba 
To the Editor of the Monthly Magazine. 
Sir, 
VESHE numerous committals of persons 
not. tried, for offences charged to 
have been, committed in and near Lon- 
don, have beenthe subject of some par- 
liamentary discussion, and haye occa- 
sioned returns to be made, and lately 
printed by order of the House of Com- 
mons, embracing the numbers of com- 
mittals, and of bills found, within the 
years 182], 1822) and 1823; from 
these documents I have selected the 
accounts collectively in these three 
years, as far as concerns six of the 
committing magistrates, and ‘have con- 
trasted them with the committals, &c., 
from the established police offices of 
the metropolis in' the same period, viz. 
NAMES of MAGISTRATES. 
Sir J. Pinhorn, Knt. ....... Sere 
DRG Ng SW SG HIE). £9. <0) op aia ote biehovd 
Red gers} WISH Issn tole cel aiele 6 
M. Swabey, jun. Esq........-5 2.0. 
R. J. Chambers, Esq.....- piece Fis Bins 
L. B. Allen, Esq. ......- eat aes 
TOWATIS. Vi. oe ol cle os 
The Police Magistrates collectively... 
Ithenceappears, that sixty-six in the hun- 
dred of the persons committed by the ma- 
gistrates here mentioned, acting indivi- 
dually, were not subsequently considered 
by the grand juries as proper objects for 
trial; whilst of the far greater number 
‘of persons simultaneously committed 
from the police offices, only thirteen out 
of the hundred had their bills of indict- 
ment ignored—the proportion being lit- 
tle more than one-third of the latter to 
the former! Surely here is. strong 
ground for inquiry into the -causes of 
these differences ; and it surely is inju- 
dicious to stifle this enquiry, by raising 
a general fund to provide for the vic- 
tims of these indiscriminate commit- 
ments, rather than calling loudly for the 
lessening of their numbers. From the 
police returns, we have been able to cal- 
culate that sixty-five in the hundred 
of the persons committed from these 
offices are. convicted ; agreeing, within 
one per cent, with, the proportion of 
those who eseape trial aitogether, after 
being committed and imprisoned. for 
that purpose, by the other magistrates 
mentioned. It farther appears, that for 
every 100 bills which are found on the 
police committals, seventy-four persons 
are convicted, and only twenty-six in 
the hundred of those tried escape con- 
viction. Allowing this same proportion 
of convictions to attend the other ma- 
1,563 66 
B.lls not found, 
Number of per Cent. 
Bills found. 
Number of 
Committals, of | 
the Committals, 
86 ae Si 
43 91 
66 85 
428 70 
418 60 
522 59 
5,784 f 13 
7,347 24 
gistrates’ bills found, we see that out of 
every 100 persons whom they commit 
for trial, only twenty-five are convicted ; 
whilst three times that number of per- 
sons are let loose upon the public, after 
having suffered the unavoidable con- 
tamination of a gaol as to their morals 
and principles, and after the parishes 
have, in most instances, maintained 
their families and dependents during 
their improper confinement. ~ | 
In three of the years’ list of comimit- 
tals by private magistrates, embracing 
66 persons, not a bill was found against 
any one of them, but they were all dis- 
charged without trial. FE. 
ok 
; 
For the Monthly Magazine. 
HE extension of the cotton manu- 
facture in Great Britain within the 
last thirty years, and the derangement 
which it has produced in the condition 
of her people, cannot fail to render some 
accountof the rise, progress, and present 
state of the supply of the raw material 
interesting to your readers. ~ © 
The plant, or tree,’ which’ ‘produces 
the material for the’ manufacture in 
question, appears to be generally in- 
digenous in the tropical regions. In 
the Linnzan classification of ‘plants, 
it is denominated gossipium, a’ genus 
of the class monadelphia ; order, poly- 
andyia ; calyx double, and of which 
there 
— 
