232 
itself, from which the nankeen cloths are 
supposed to be made. 
But neither the extent of its growth 
in America, nor of its’ manufacture in 
England, is so much an object of sur- 
prise, as the very, short period in which 
both haye been accomplished. In point 
of extent, .the comparison with the 
growth and mannfacture of India, could 
it be ascertained, would probably be 
found trifling; the export of the raw 
material from Bengal and Bombay, in 
1818, exceeded 660,000 bales, chiefly 
to China, or about 230 to 240,000,000 of 
lbs.;° whilst the internal consumption 
probably equalled, if not exceeded that 
quantity. 
It should be noticed, however, that 
the culture in the West-Indies has not 
decreased in proportion to the apparent 
decrease of importation under that head, 
It is true that the culture is very 
limited there, and the greater portion 
included under that head is from De- 
marara; it may also be inferred, from 
Portugal being included with the Bra- 
zils, that some plants are cultivated in 
Portugal, which is not the case ; under 
the colonial regime the whole of the pro- 
duce of the Brazils was carried to Por- 
tugal, and from thence re-exported : at 
the present time, however, nearly the 
whole growth comes direct to England 
fronr the Brazils; a comparatively tri- 
fling proportion goes direct to France 
and other parts of Europe. France is, 
however, the only other part of 
Europe where the spinning of cot- 
ton is carried on to any extent, being 
in that country about one-third what 
it is in England,—with this differ- 
ence, however, that» whilst England 
indicates an increase, France indicates 
a decrease; the number of bags in 
France, in 1822, having been 190,000, 
and only 166,000 in 1823; whilst 
the quantity in England, in 1822, was 
541,000 bags, and 576,000, in 1823; 
the quantity spun in all the rest of 
Europe, collectively, not amounting to 
60,000 bags. It deserves. to be no- 
ticed, however, that out of the quantity 
spun in England, about 30,000,000 lbs. 
weight. of yarn, equal. to 100,000 bales 
of the raw material, is re-exported in a 
yarn state, which gives rise to consider- 
able weaving operations in Russia, Ger- 
many, Denmark, and the north of Eu- 
rope generally. 
On looking at the statement of the 
quantity.and value of the proportion of 
the manufacture exported, both in yarn 
and in cloth, the extensive aggregate 
Remarks‘on Mr. Brown's New Invented Vacuum Engine. (Oct. 1}, 
depreciation in yalue forms a most strik- 
ing feature; it will be seen that.a quan- 
tity of yarn was given in 1828 for a 
less value than half such quantity was 
valued atin 1814; and that the depre- 
ciation in manufactured stuffs is on an 
equal ratio, 16,690,366. of quantity, 
being valued at ,£17,393,796 in 1814, 
whilst 24,117,549 of quantity, in 1823, 
was valued at only £13,751,415, in- 
stead of upwards of £25,000,000, which 
they should have obtained according to 
the value of 1814. Superficially consi- 
dered, it may, it is true, be regarded 
as nationally advantageous, if out of 
£6,241,561 of raw material, we. can 
re-export £707,313 in a raw state, 
£2,625,947 in yarn, and £13,751,415 
in stuffs, and retain an ample supply for 
all internal purposes. Whatever depre- 
ciation may have taken place must be 
attributed to increase of quantity ; it is 
not, however, on an abstract point of 
view, that we shall be justified in draw- 
ing conclusions on the subject; but 
viewed in relation to the luminous ex- 
position of our commercial system by 
your correspondent A.R., at page 315 
of your November Number 1823, and 
page 31 of the Number for February of 
the present year, the most lamentable 
inferences will, I fear, be found de- 
ducible from it. Ir ele 
——_L a 
To the Editor of the Monthly Magazine. 
Sir, ‘ 
Fees admirer of practical science, 
I was much pleased with the de- 
scription of the new Vacuum Engine 
given in your last number, accompanied 
with a plate. I had previously seen the 
engine once, in company with several 
other gentlemen, but. had not, at the 
time, an opportunity of putting such 
questions to the ingenious inventor as 
I could have wished respecting the prin- 
ciples of its action. The effect was cer- 
tainly decisive as to the almost. perfect 
vacuum produced in the cylinder, and 
the consequent rise of the water in the 
cylinder, and its rapid discharge into 
the buckets of a water-wheel. Indeed, 
the opinion formed by two. or three of 
the gentlemen present connected with 
engineering, was unequivocally in favour 
of the power and perfect application of 
this new engine to all the purposes of 
the steam-engine. It was_ therefore 
not without surprise, that, in a little 
periodical called The» Chemist (of the 
4th instant), which I am in the habit of 
taking in, that I saw an article headed, 
“The Utility of Mr. Brown’s. Engine 
denied.” 
