276 
ingly shot. A provision for his wife and 
family has already been proposed in 
congress,—a measure as honourable as 
it is politic. Mexican bonds have risen 
in consequence of this intelligence. ‘The 
following extract from a private letter 
will shew the feelings of the South 
Americans on the subject :— 
“* Mevico, July 28. 
“Nothing can exceed the satisfaction 
produced here, among all ranks, by the 
news of the capture and death of Iturbide, 
which you will\see in the enclosed papers. 
It has restored confidence in a surprising 
manner. ‘So long as Iturbide remained, 
he was a sort of stalking horse for every 
unprincipled adventurer to look up to. I 
do now begin to see some chance of our 
getting into a state of settled order and 
repose. It is, I believe, arranged that this 
Government is to be assimilated to that of 
the United States, and placed under one 
president, instead of an executive composed, 
as the present is, of three persons. General 
Bravo will be the president in all probabi- 
jity. The expedition of the Anglo-Mexican 
ining Company has arrived in this city, 
consisting of about forty persons.—-They 
leave for Guanaxuato in a few days, where 
they are to begin practical operations. 
They have been remarkably well received 
all the way through the country. The 
effect on this country will be great. 
Thousands of persons will be put,into em- 
ployment, and money will come into circu- 
lation throughout all classes. For some 
time the rich mining proprietors have re- 
ceived no income from their mines, and the 
ity of Guanaxuato, where the principal 
mines are, has had its population reduced 
from 80,000 down to 30,000.” 
It appears too that the cause of na- 
tional independence is advancing in the 
other parts of South America, as well 
as at Mexico. Olaneta has abandoned 
the royalists in Peru ; dnd in an action 
between the Columbian schooner Ge- 
nerat Padilla, and the Spanish brig 
Marinero, the latter was blown up. 
None of the crew were saved, except 
these forward, who were taken up by 
the crew of the former, which suffered 
little in the fight. 
As illustrative of the present state of 
South America, we qucte the following 
article from The Times, which gives an 
admirable account of the political and 
geographical relations of Colombia :— 
This quarter of America is the only one 
which has received a new name since its 
declaration of independence, and the union 
of its provinces under its present consti- 
tution. We recognize in the titles and 
boundaries of the new states of Mexico, 
Buenos Ayres, Chili, and Peru, the desig- 
-nations and limits of the old colonial ‘vice- 
Political Affairs in September. 
(Oct. 1, 
royalties of the same names. The colonial 
yoke has been thrown off—the Spanish 
Viceroy has been exchanged for the presi- 
dent or political chief of an independent 
state—the Viceregal Council has been trans- 
formed into a senate, or an assembly of 
representatives—the Viceroyalty has be- 
come a republic—and the ancient Spanish 
audiencias have started up free provinces ; 
but the old geographic names and bounda- 
ries are the same, and we are at no loss in 
determining their position. Colombia, on 
the other hand, as a new name, and a 
geographer of two or three years back 
would not recognize in it the old Spanish 
Viceroyalty of New Granada, and the 
Capitania-General of Caraceas. Perhaps, 
in this case, some designation was neces- 
sary to mark a union of two states formerly 
separated ; and as neither of them had a 
title that could well be extended to the 
other, a new one was the more necessary 
and excusable. Colombia, which the north 
American states neglected to appropriate 
was adroitly laid hold of by the new autho- 
rities in the south, and applied probably, 
without pedantry, to the region which 
Columbus pointed cut to the enterprise of 
his countrymen in his fourth and last visit 
to the world which he had discovered. 
This vast commonwealth, extending from 
the Caribbean sea to Peru, and from the 
Pacific to the Atiantie Ocean, embracing a 
territory nearly as large as all Europe, is 
inhabited only by about three millions of 
people, who have succeeded in conquering 
their independence, after a severer struggle 
than any of the other states have been 
called upon to sustain, and who now exhibit 
a higher example of social order than 
scarcely any of the other republics have yet 
reached. By one of the papers which lies 
before us, we find that about the middle of 
June last a new territorial division of the 
state was decreed. By this decree, Co- 
lombia is divided into 12 departments, each 
of which is divided into a number of pro- 
vinees ; and the latter, again, into a num- 
ber of cantons. The 12 departments, with 
their capitals, are the following; 1, Ori- 
noco, the capital of which is Cumana; 
2, Venezuela, the capital of which is Ca- 
raccas; 3, Apure, the capital of which 
is Barinas ; 4, ‘Zulia, the capital of which is 
Maracaibo ; 5, Boyaca, the capital,of which 
is Tanja; 6, Cundinamarca, the capital of 
which is Bogota ; 7, Magdalena, the capital 
of which is Cartagena; 8, Cauca, the 
capital of which is Popayan ; 9, Ystmo, the 
capital of which is Panama; 10, Euador, 
the capital of which is Quito; 11, Lasuay, 
the capital of which is Cuenca; and 12, 
Guayaquil, with its capital of the same name. 
NORWAY. 
The storthing, or parliament of Nor- 
way, was prorogued by the king on the 
9th ult., on which occasion the usual 
compliments passed, and perhaps with 
the 
