1825. 
into vdttionate’ of lime ; an antler of stag’s 
horn, transformed into jagate ;;,and,out of, a, 
layer-of, pumice-sand,, under. the tuffa, some 
teethy, the, jaw-bone,and.two- horns belong- 
ing to, large unknown. species of stag or 
elkjjand a, great quantity.;.of:other fossil 
-bones ;, aS, also,a grinder of the mammoth, 
found. a. little lower. in the, testaceous, lime- 
stone,, betwveen;the. tuffa.and the primitive 
soil, [This,is the first discovery, we) believe, 
of, organized,terrestrial bodies under antient 
tuffa and basalt,)and may throw great light 
onthe, relative ages of ancient, volcanos. 
* “Quadrature of the Circle.—The Institute 
of France* havedecided that this is an im- 
possible and vain research, and exhort the 
Jearned, accordingly, to apply themselves to 
other subjects, 
‘The Citing’ of ‘hard. Steel by means of. soft 
Tron, formed into ‘a round thin flat ‘plate, 
and niotintéd on a lathe spindle, mentioned 
in’our 56th vol. :p:270, has been the sub- 
ject of experiment by MM. Darier and 
Calladon,\;;vho found, that with.a less ve- 
locitythan, thirty-four feet,and a half per 
second, given to, theocircumference, of the 
‘soft,iren plate; the,samehad no action on 
hardesteel.;,from which,point, as the.ve- 
locity inexeased, the action commenced.and 
increased; uatil,,with, seventy feet velocity; 
the steel was, most,.rapidly worn away, 
without the iron being affected; from which, 
and)several..other experiments, they. ,con- 
elude,,.that the force. of, percussion: of. the 
Whirling jron displaces.and tears off the 
Particles, of steel.(as,.happens in striking a 
light. with a flint and steel) and. that this 
effect, ».so.,,useful .in .sawing hard. steel 
Plate; to, any required. shape, or.in sawing 
out. slits), in) it, is, not, occasioned by. the 
softening of the; steel,,as some had sup- 
posed. . With velocities from 130 to. 200 
feet per second, they found the soft iron 
edge to act rapidly on a rock crystal pre- 
sen ed to it, and on agate, but the cut sur- 
ee of these were too, uneven and rough 
to, promise any adyantage to the lapidary 
from this mode.of acting. 
“Grey cast Irony when hot, is proof against 
the action of Sulphur.—Colonel A. Evans 
has made. this, discovery, after having ex- 
perimentally proved, that wrought iron or 
steel, when heated and presented to a roll 
of brimstone, are almost instantly pene- 
trated by the latter ; plates of these metals, 
more than half an inch thick, were in Jess 
than a quarter of a minute, perforated with 
round holes, the size of the brimstone roll. 
“Mia crucible of grey cast iron, the Colonel 
‘foulid that he could fuse seraps of malleable 
iron’ or''stee?''with ‘sulphur, without’ the 
“infix rise a ot 
NiIsoiest acting AC alt ins fhe aka ” fi 
qalor Sproducing\ a) Dranght of dir, out)of 
thet diokd of) anshipsoor outdo a mine shaft, 
yen the top ofea chimneys Jiable,to.smoke, 
~itdiaz been recommended, bys Capt Warren, 
tonsbeast! of @iwindessail; windstounk; of cowl, 
Gaortotene? yistelquios 
“+0 
Spirit of Philosophical Discovery. 
53] 
having a close: and rounded. back presented 
to the, wind, to insert there a wide-mouthed 
trumpet-shaped open tube, which shall, in- 
stead of excluding the wind from the top, 
conduct a condensed and brisk, stream of 
air over the top of the pipe, shaft) or chim- 
ney, Whose dratight’ it is necessary torin- 
crease. 3 
Practical rules, by which manufacturers 
may ascertain the Strength. of their Bleaching 
Powders, the chloride of lime, have been 
abstracted by. Mr. Brand in his Journal 
of Science, No. 35, from a paper on the ° 
subject, drawn up by. Mr. Gay Lussae,. tor 
the use of the French bleachers ; we regret 
that our space will not admit of giving these 
rules. 
The Boiling Heats of Saturated) Solutions 
of thirty-four of the most important» saline 
bodies, have. been’ determined > with great 
care by’ Mr. T. Griffiths, . and) published 
in Brand’s Journal ‘of oScience,:(No..35, 
together withthe per-centage ‘of! idry: salt, 
in most of them; we extract thefollowing!: : 
Name of Salt. Bone 8 Forty eh aege ’ 
Acetate of sodac. «6 256% « «9:60 
Muriate of'soda ».. 224. %.~4430. ..., 
Sulphate of, magnesia 222 |y.).40.909. 0, 
Adum aii sem sid. +220. eis slo Pol Ors 
Sulphate of,iron.: . .}216). 095 +-645 <. 
Sulphate of soda... <5 213 2.4 0-0) 31:5, 
The first and last of the. salts, here, men- 
tioned are also the extremes,as. to tempera- 
ture in the table. referred, to.;, the extremes, 
therein, as, to proportions of dry salt, are as 
follows, viz. tunica 16 
Boiling Point, Dry,Saltgn, 
Farnh. , . > 100 pty. 
Rochelle salt ..+... 240°... 90 
Nitrate of potassa ...238 +25... 74%. 
Acetate of copper »..-214 «2... «.1675 
Tartarate of potassa 214 ...... 95 — 
The Absorption into the Veins and: Arteries, 
and consequent circulation: through» the 
bodies of animals, of whatever. substances, 
either liquid, gaseous,’ or: in‘a state of va- 
pour, as kept for.a space of time, imimme- 
diate contact, either withthe external orthe 
internal surfaces of living bodies; wasy some 
time ago, the subject of an elaborate course 
of experiments and observations, by. Dr.) F. 
Majendie, at: Paris, the details’ of which 
were read before the Academy of Sciences:; 
lot 
Name of Salt. 
from which it results, that the rapidity and 
copiousness of the absorption is dependent 
on the fullness of © the blood eirculating 
at the time through the absorbent. vessel, 
(See our 57th vol., p. 18). In a plethoric 
state, no absorption, or ‘a very faint one, 
takes place; but on beginning to empty the 
vessels by bleeding, absorption commences 
and inéreases, accordingly as the plethorads 
removed, (See our present volume; p. 78). 
»Itappears,. from, the. yery curious experi- 
ments of Dr..M.,. that. absorption dees, not 
tale place ‘im consequence. of any.attraction 
or affinity. between the blood and the ab- 
3X 2 sorbent 
