588 
Yet he: who is doubted,! wilkipersnade) 
himself that. he:is-injured); and,'in the! 
irritability of ‘that persuasion, will'seek: 
for; and will apply the harshest and'the 
worst' of motives his suspicions’ cain 
suggest, to the opponent who has ques- 
tioned his. We would recommend to 
the noble author a revision of these 
paragraphs,, with a. stroke or two of 
more distinct discrimination, before he 
proceeds.to a second edition, It were 
pity, that: in any part of so valuable a 
work, and breathing as it does so many 
noble'sentiments, he should either iis- 
understand himself, or be  misunder- 
stood, ° 
© With the consideration of the French 
Reyolution, he mingles that of Spain ; 
and makes them part of a general argu- 
ment. ‘The justice of the following re- 
flections will scarcely be called in ques- 
tion....... 
$I haye) said ‘that | the »government. of 
Spain pushed. the theory of despotism to its 
furthest-consequences, and prohibited know- 
ledge with an intuitive instinct that .know- 
ledge was its worst enemy. But the remedy 
which) excluded the disease killed the pa- 
tient. «All virtue, (ali activity, all industry, 
languished for want of excitement. The 
blast of the Inquisition, like the fire of Ve- 
suvius,'seized-a people at their occupation, 
and fixed them for ever motionless, and life- 
less''to the place at which it found them. 
The Spaniards were. stopped in their pro- 
gress to civilization, and the beginning of 
the nineteenth century found them as little 
advanced in the arts of life as they had been 
at the end of the sixteenth. 
constraint (alluding to the tyranny of the 
Inquisition) every thing languished; the 
earth was untilled,; manufactures neglected ; 
there were no canals, few roads passable for 
carriages, No political knowledge, no at- 
tempt at. improvement... But worse than 
this, every thing like virtue. was under- 
mined inall but the very lowest orders, by 
the corruption of a government despotic and 
feeble. | Hence there was no strength in the 
armies, no vigour in the ceuncils, no ho- 
nesty among the aristocracy, no energy in 
the public mind of Spain. 
“Thus it was proved, that if in France 
a despotic government was overthrown by 
the progress of knowledge, in Spain a des- 
potic: government destroyed itself by the 
exclusion of knowledge... A..people that is 
instructed destroys its despotism: a, des- 
potism that prevents instruction ruins the 
people which obeys’ it: +: Thus in modern 
Europe either:anation shakes off arbitrary 
monarchy, or arbitrary ;menarchy, wastes 
and consumes the,independent existence of 
a nation.” ) | 1 PS sen UR on pa 
As arising out. ofthe pretences sug- 
gested by the French Revolution, and 
In this general 
Memoirs.of the Affairs of vo. 
connected: with) the} subject: of other) res 
volutious::attempteds{and pethaps line: 
pending), “the author next proceeds'to: 
examine the New? Lai of Nations piof 
which’ thé text is’ thus’ stated® fron? the’ 
manifesto TG ec AaB 
Germany and_ the ‘King “of Prusia, 
August 4, 1792.5, seni? fareih Sich Strah 
“« The supreme.authority:in Bramce being 
perpetual’ and ‘indivisible; the: king) could 
neither: be deprived) nor:woluntarily:divest 
himself of any of the prerogatives of royalty; 
because he is obliged:to transmit them with 
his own crown tovhis successors.?)i11Loity 
“ He could'be dethroned :ohly by: anyab- 
dication.’” |‘ The'essential condition;of the 
validity of such an act: wouldbeia fulband 
entire liberty, which ‘did: not exist; and 
which it is perfectly notorious./his most 
Christian: Majesty never enjoyed.’’s goog « 
“© The manifesto of ‘the . Duke of Bruns- 
wick was in strict! conformity ‘with ithe 
theory of his masters; and: death was threat- 
ened to all who ‘adhered to: the government 
of their own country, :\in).preference tose 
monarch seated onthe throne) byoa foreign 
enemy. » Every one) knows! the: fate:of the 
Duke of Brunswick’s) army 3)otlie: doctrine 
of the allies; which, ifisuecessfil, would 
have’ subverted: all: law sand ‘liberty; «was 
swept away along witheit.’sl) js borfous! 
If the paragraphs: that /inmediately 
follow be acceptable’ to’ the” politieal 
historian, the first in ‘order ‘Will’ be 
scarcely less so to the nae ite 
literature, for the ingenious and. elc 
quent parallel it draws between R 
seau and ‘Edmund, Burke;, a, parallel 
so provokingly just \as..one. would 
almost think sufficient.to imaké * the 
philosopher (as he has been ‘éalled)iiof 
Beaconsfield” start from his shrowd‘in 
one of his metaphorical exacerbations 
of indignant fury. seh ea wa 
“ Unhappily, England joined, th bugh 
is more fraught with feeling ; if Bak Str 
prises and carries away by his splendid dic- 
tion, Rousseau seems more mau as 
been more successful in Sent ing, tha 
d: ap do 
o. 
all 
painted with brilliant Rare Aa 
hi nS, He 
~ + ¢ 1S: . fi 
LHS Papi for 
f Be 
nothing. . Both Rousseau and, ! 
knew ,neyer, had existed; 
Sie 
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