126 LAND BIRDS 
little flock, teaching them with infinite patience all that 
they need to know of wood lore. He stands on guard 
at every suspicious noise, and whistles his warning when 
danger threatens. When their wing-feathers have devel- 
oped and they can flutter up to a low branch in the bush, 
they roost there instead of cuddling under the mother’s 
broad wings at night. But they remain with the parents 
and evidently under discipline throughout the first six 
or eight months of their existence. In the wintry 
weather, when their mountain homes are covered deep 
with snow, they often sleep huddled together deep in a 
drift, waking to feed upon the buds of the coniferous 
trees, but seldom seeking a lower level. They are the 
hardy mountaineers, the children of the forest ranges. 
300c. OREGON RUFFED GROUSE. — Bonasa 
umbellus sabinz. 
Famity: The Grouse, Partridges, Quails, ete. 
Length : 15.00-19.00. 
Adult Male: Rough iridescent black, upper parts mottled dark brown 
and black, tail rusty dark brown; under parts heavily barred with 
black and brown. 
Adult Female: Similar to male, and with neck tufts less developed. 
Young: Similar to adult female, but browner, and neck tufts entirely 
wanting. 
Downy Young: Upper parts chestnut-brown ; deeper on under wings and 
rump; under parts buff; a conspicuous black line from corner of eye 
through ear tufts. 
Geographical Distribution: Humid transition and boreal zones and the 
coast ranges from Humboldt County, California, to the northern 
limits of Washington. 
California Breeding Range: The humid coast boreal from Cape Mendo- 
cino northward. 
