476 LAND BIRDS 
their midst. Two hundred pair were here congregated 
to rear their young, and the odor could only be com- 
pared to that of a cormorant rookery. Nearly every 
bush had several nests.”! This was in 1875. I doubt 
whether such a patch of wilderness could be found 
in Santa Clara County at present, but the birds still 
nest there in smaller numbers. I have never found 
more than from ten to twenty nests in one place. 
The nests can be told from those of the red-wings 
only by their looser construction and their shallowness. 
The newly hatched nestlings are exactly like those of 
the red-wings and are fed and cared for in the same 
manner; even when a month old they can scarcely be 
distinguished from their more common Eastern relatives. 
515 b. CALIFORNIA PINE GROSBEAK. — Pinicola 
enucleator californica. 
Famity: The Finches, Sparrows, etc. 
Length: Male 7.75 ; female 7.40-7.95. 
Adult Male: Upper parts pale vermilion ; head tinged with pinkish and 
yellow ; scapulars light gray ; wings and tail dusky ; feathers tipped 
with whitish ; under parts light gray ; entire plumage gray beneath 
the surface. 
Adult Female: General plumage light gray ; top and sides of head, back 
of neck, and middle of breast bright tan-color ; upper tail-coverts 
tinged with light yellow. 
Young: Similar to female, but brownish gray, with brownish and gray- 
ish edgings to wings and tail. 
Geographical Dest tins Boreal zone on the central Sierra Nevada ; 
north to Placer County ; south to Fresno County. 
Breeding Range: Coextensive with its habitat. 
1 Bendire’s ‘‘ Life Histories,” p. 457. 
