YELLOW OR ORANGE CONSPICUOUS 541 
streaks; wings and tail blackish; two white wing-bars, tail with 
small white spots at end of lateral feathers. 
Adult Female in Spring and Summer: Similar to winter male, but 
black streaking of upper parts and sides restricted or obsolete ; crown 
sometimes blackish ; throat often blotched with black. 
Adult Male in Fall and Winter: Similar to summer male, but black 
obscured ; crown and hind-neck with olive-green edges to feathers ; 
cheek patch with olive-green tips to feathers ; throat lemon-yellow ; 
chest and sides spotted with black. 
Adult Female in Fall and Winter : Similar to sammer female, but upper 
parts, sides, and flanks brownish, with streaks of upper parts 
indistinct. 
Young Male: Similar to adult winter male, but streaks on crown and 
back obsolete, and yellow of throat paler. 
Young Female: Similar to adult winter female, but yellow paler and 
markings less distinct. 
Geographical Distribution: Western North America, chiefly near the 
Pacific coast, north to Alaska ; migrating east to Rocky Mountains. 
and south in winter to Guatemala. 
Breeding Range: In the pine forests, from Oregon to Sitka. 
Breeding Season: June. 
Nest: Compact, cup-shaped ; made of gray plant fibres; lined with 
feathers, placed in bushes or trees. 
Eggs: 3 or 4; white, spotted mainly about the larger end with brown 
and lavender. Size 0.64 X 0.53. 
Mr. GRINNELL says: “ The Townsend Warbler occurs 
in California as a winter visitant in the Santa Cruz, and 
sparingly elsewhere west of the Sierra Nevada; occurs 
more widely during migration.” 
It is one of those tantalizing Warblers who persist in 
staying in the tops of tall trees, where they dodge in 
and out among the foliage in a most exasperating way. 
But, in spite of all difficulties, if the “ Warbler mad- 
ness ” has taken possession of you, a day of neck-breaking 
study will count for nothing as against the possibility of 
identifying a species unknown to you, and townsend 
offers unparalleled opportunities in this line. 
