542 LAND BIRDS 
The common note of this species is a high-keyed 
“tseep.” The song is very short, and heard from below 
is scarcely more musical than that of a grasshopper 
sparrow. 
669. HERMIT WARBLER. — Dendroica occidentalis. 
Famity: The Wood Warblers. 
Length: 4.70-5.25. 
Adult Male in Spring and Summer : Top and sides of head bright yellow, 
the occiput, and sometimes the crown, spotted with black ; throat 
black ; under parts white, sometimes streaked on sides; nape olive- 
green streaked with black ; rest of upper parts gray, washed with 
olive-green and streaked with black ; wings and tail black; two white 
wing-bands ; tail with the two outer feathers on each side mostly 
white. 
Adult Female in Spring and Summer: Similar to winter male, but fore- 
head and crown more or less mixed with yellow ; body more olive ; 
dusky patch on throat and chest. 
Adult Male in Fall and Winter : Similar to summer male, but the yel- 
low of crown and occiput more or less obscured ; black streaks of back 
mixed with gray, and black throat patch specked with white. 
Adult Female in Fall and Winter : Upper parts olive-gray ; crown with 
traces of yellow ; under parts brownish white. 
Young: Upper parts plain ash-gray ; under parts brownish gray, except 
that the belly and under tail-coverts are white. 
Geographical Distribution: Western United States, chiefly near Pacific 
coast ; migrating east to Rocky Mountains, and south in winter to 
Guatemala, 
California Breeding Range: In Transition zone along the Sierra Nevada 
from Mt. Shasta to Mt. Whitney. 
Breeding Season : June. 
jest: Of fibrous stalks of plants, fine dead twigs, lichens, and pine 
needles, bound with cobwebs, and woolly materials ; lined with soft 
inner bark and hair; placed in coniferous trees, from 25 to 40 feet 
from the ground. 
Eggs: 3; dull white or grayish green, spotted or blotched with lilac, 
gray, or brown, chiefly around larger end. Size 0.67 X 0.47. 
WHILE a fairly common bird along the lower Sierra 
Nevada from Mount Shasta southward, the Hermit 
