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£0 Letters of a Wanderer through England and Wales. [Feb. 1, - 
is again mistaken. He then states that 
a very ancient colony, no one ever knew 
-when, or how, I believe, ‘“ of the Celta, 
gave naméto the Cimbric Chersonesus ;” 
but here no proof is adduced, except 
that the Celtes had been accounted 
Cimmerians. His whole treatise is built 
en the unfounded supposition, that men 
gave names to nations: his labour there- 
fore to. trace and fix Celtic colonies in 
Europe and Asia, is great; but his proofs 
of colonization are attended with so 
many absurdities, and so many old words 
are used without being analysed, and 
without being given applicable imports, 
that you can reiy on no premises which 
he assumes; and yet he says so many 
things which are worthy of notice, that 
he has been recommended by good au- 
thors., ‘« From the word Cal, a-harbour, 
or Calis, the Romans, he thinks, formed 
Portus Iccius;” but he knew not the im- 
port of Calis, norIccius. Of the first 
of these, the ending in Is, means little, or 
Jow; and Jc is.often a diminutive in 
names; hence Calis may imply the little 
Port; and Portus Iccius, the same: but 
Calis has a low projecting point of land ; 
and Cal, in this name, may mean Head, 
and. Js imply low, which would exactly 
describe this territory, or bead. What he 
says of Portus-Cale, or Portugal, is more 
reasonable than most of his derivations: 
but of the import. of Lusitania, he is to- 
tally in the dark; as he is also of Lyshon, 
or Lisbon. But to return to Galatza.— 
This comes from Col, or Cal, an head, 
Gvhich is also written Gal) as in the fal- 
lowing examples: in Calcedon, in Ga- 
licia, in Galata, a mountain of Phocis; 
an Caledonia, in Galway, in Galloway, 
in Colophon, in Calpe, in Calabria, in 
Callipolis, now Gallipolis; and in jan 
hundred other vames of places begin= 
ning with these syllables, situated on the 
globe, at heads or ends of lands. Af, in 
Galatia, is the same asin Galata, an 
headland and suburb of Constantinople ; 
and, as in a great variety of other places, 
it is derived from Ad, water. Ia, is ter- 
ritory; and Galatia, whose head lies on 
the Euxine sea, will imply the Water 
Head, or Border Tesgritory. The ety- 
mons “ thrust out at a distance,” and 
s! pushed forward,” given by Monsieur 
B.. are as near the truth perhaps as 
any terms taken from the common words 
ot language, which had no direct re- 
ference to the features of nature, could 
have been produced; --but the word 
head, or end, here, and fhore particu- 
_Tarly in the instances which follow, arg 
so evidently meant by it in the names 
~ of so many head-lands, and land’s-ends, 
throughout the globe ; and its derivation 
from Col or Cal, a head, is so direct, 
certain, and plain, that I much wonder 
some one had not before discovered and 
proved its applicability. But authors 
have never looked to the world, and its 
names, for the language of Nature; and- 
taking for granted what wanted proof, 
contented themselves with supposing, 
mankind gave names to places, instead 
of places having given them these very 
names. Let us now trace this name¢_to 
Iberia, Celt Iberia, Lusitania, Espana, 
Spain, Portugal. Spain, authors say, was 
early called Iberia, from a colony of 
Iberians from Mount Caacasus; or 
from the river Iberus: yet the ancients, 
they say, considered Iberia only that 
part from the Pyrennees to Calpe. Not- 
withstanding, they assert, that the true 
Iberia was that part called Celt Iberia, 
from a body of Celts settling in it, 
bounded by the Tberus: and they derive 
Iberia from the Hebrew Heber, or the 
Chaldee, Syriac, or Pheenician, Ekra or 
Ibra, which, in the singular, implies a 
passage ; and in the plural, bounds or 
limits. It appears also, they state, tnat 
the Pheenicians called Spain Spanija, or 
Sphanija, from Shapan or Span, a rabbit, 
as it abounded with rabbits, 
OF the derivations,. ‘* passage,” or 
“ bounds,” and “ limits,” nothing can be 
said ; because the great features of Nature 
do not refer to such denominations.. 
A. B. 
——— ; 
For the Monthly Magazine. 
THE LETTERS OF A WANDERER. . 
LETTER V. 
1 my last I told you it was our inten- 
tion to proceed across the mountains 
to Haws-water; and I am now seated 
to give you some account of our excursion 
over one of the wildest tracks in Nature ; 
where however, there was still much.to_in- 
terest us from its novelty, and being al- 
most wholly different from any thing we 
had seen before, afforded us considera- 
ble amusement. When we quitted Ken- 
dal, the morning was hazy, and heavy 
vapours occasionally floating over the 
distant mountains, obscured them from 
sight, and rendered us apprehensive we 
should have an uncomfortable day. As it 
advanced towards noon, the sun eimer- 
ged from bebind its sable shroud, and its 
vivifying beams soon cleared the air, and 
Jeft us nothing more to wish for on the 
score af weather. At the distance of 
* * tour 
