234 Derivation of the Names * Scots,” * Ptets,” Xe. [April ty 
7%. Do not wenr other spectacles: thant 
your own, to which your eyes have acs 
commodated themselves, 
SPECTACLES ARE NECESSARY, — 
41. When we are obliged to remove 
small objects to an increased distance 
from the eye, to see them distinctly ; 
2, When we find it necessary to havé 
_ more light than formerly ; as, for instance, 
whien we find ourselves placing the can- 
dle between the eye and the object ; 
3. When, on looking at and attentively 
considering a near object, it becomes 
confused, and appears to have a kind of 
mist before it; 
4, When the letters of a book run into 
one another, and become double and 
treble; f ; 
5. When the eyés are so fatigued by a 
little exercise, that we are obliged’ to shut 
them from time to time, and to relieve. 
them by looking’ at different objects. ' 
Then ic-will be prudent and necessary 
to set aside all prudery; honestly con- 
fess that age. is creeping upon us; that 
our eyes are an unerring warning; and 
without ‘coquetry, or apology, ask the 
optician for a pair of spectacles. 
For those who live at a distance from 
large cities, the following modes of calcu- 
Jating the focus of glasses will prove useful. 
Rule for calculating the Vocus of Con- 
ger Glasses.—Multiply the ‘distance at 
which a person sees distinctly, by the. 
distance at which he wisles to see, and 
divide the product by the difference be~ 
‘ aween the said distances; the quotient is 
the desired focus. 
Ride for Concave Glasses to read and 
write, for anear-sighted Person.—Multi- 
ply the greatest distance at whiclr the 
short-sighted sees distinctly with | his 
naked eye, by the distatice at which it is 
required he should see distinctly by a 
concave glass, and divide the product by 
ithe difference between the said distances, 
If it is to see remote objects, the focus 
should be the saine as that required: for 
the distance of distinct vision. 
The preceding observations are va- 
lvable just id proportion to the value of 
sight, and to the plersure of seeing dis- 
tinctly and without pain. 
Feb. 12, 181%." ~ Common SENsz, 
ee 
To the’ Editor of the. Monthly. Magaaine., 
SIRs 
N your two last Magazines, I have 
given derivations of the names Ce/ti, 
Cymbri, nnd of some countries which gave, 
Enquis 
acnominations to these people. 
- 
ries into the origin of thes cappellations = 
had exercised the pens of authors of alt! 
ages; and it will hereafter be scarcely 
credited, ‘that men had at length sup- 
posed these naties to be impenetrable 
mysteries. In my last, F hinted that 
Scotland, like all other parts of Great 
Britain, was a name given from situa- 
tion. I will tiow trace this name, and’ 
the word Pict, from their source. : 
The name Seotland is unknown in im= 
port, and it has been stated ‘“that Am- 
mianus Marcellinus, who wrote in. the 
4th century, is the first historian who 
mentions the Scots.” ‘* But'St. Jerom,- 
‘in his epistle against Ctesiphon the Pelas 
gitn, has given a much moré ancient, 
passage, which he translated out of Pore 
phyry, who'wrote an’ age before Ammia~ 
nas, to wit, “ Neither Britain, a province. 
fertile in tyrants, nor the Scottish nations,. 
nor the barbarous nations-round about 
to the very océah, did ever acknowledge 
Moses and the Prophets.” 
The word Spain 1s in Spanish Espana 5 
I have shéwed its derivation. The syl- 
latile Es being pronounced like the letter 
5, the E is dropped in our spelling of 
Spain. Scodra, a city of Albania, is now 
called by the Turks E’scodar, and by the 
Italians Scutari. Scutari, also oppo-: 
site Constantinople, is called by the 
Turks Iscodur. The import of each of 
-these names may be traced from Js wa- 
ter, Got, or Cod, an hill, and Ar border. , 
The same may be said of the letter $ in. 
Scotland, which is written with an E 
before it by foreigners, The Es then in’ 
Esecotia, béing the same as the Hs in Es- 
pana, &c. will imply water; Cot, ot Cote,. 
is a French word for a coast, rising, 
ground, or hill.’ From the name Cot, or 
€ofe, hill, in Cumberland, this name. 
must early have obtained in England. 
Escotia, or Scotland, will therefore imply, 
the Water, Hill, or High Land, Should 
it, however, be supposed that the letter 
S, in this word, is used as Dr. Harris on’ 
Isaiah. supposes, and which I Nave men- 
tioned: in a former letter, then Scotland 
will only imply the Hull or High Land; and’ 
this exactly agrees with the old term 
Caledonia, and: shews that new. names 
ate translations-of older ones. The word’ 
Scuite bas been suppdsed the etymon: 
from whence Scot was derived; bat, asiall’ 
countries are named from their features, 
and lands were #il settled Wy wanderers,’ 
nothing but igtiorance of the subject will 
account for-authors adopting this chiming 
and inapplicable etymon tor Segtland uny 
particular. q ‘ae eae : 
