650 
with those presented by M. Hassel, in 
1808 + it will thence be perceived, with 
what rapidity it has acquired utility and 
reputation during a period of less than 
.thirty years, 
EUROPE. 
“¢ No work concerning Europe in gene- 
ttal has been published within the period 
alluded to, except “La Table Géogra- 
phique, & Statistique,” which appeared 
-@t Berlin, and ‘ Les Coups d’Oil Sta- 
tistiques sur tous les états de l’Europe,” 
by Liechtenstern, The geographical In- 
stitute is in arrear, In respect to the work 
entitled: “|’Europe d’apres ses change- 
mens __ politico-geographiques.” The 
.** Annales Européennes,” formerly edited 
~by M. Posselt, are still continued, and 
the “ Journal Politique de Hambourg,” 
proves very interesting to its readers. 
1, THE FRENCH EMPIRE. 
‘© France :has attained,” we are told, 
“the height of power and of glory, by 
the extraordinary genius of a_ single 
man. The peace of Tilsit annihilated 
a formidable coalition, and_ restored 
tranquillity to the continent, at least 
so far as concerned France. Napoleon, 
leaving his armies on a foreign terri- 
tory, for the purpose of ensuring its 
safety, has returned to his own empire, 
.and his return has been followed by 
many changes, all more or less import- 
ant fur the purposes of administration ; 
and all connected with the principle of 
that unity, so necessary for the safety,of 
the state, and of the throne. The tri- 
bunate has been abolished; the number 
of the members of the senate has been 
augmented; a general government has 
been established beyond the Alps; here- 
ditary titles and fiefs have been instituted, 
‘while a variety of great offices have been 
ereated for the purpose of augmenting 
- the glory of the throne. At the same 
time, both colleges and the sciences have 
obtained a central point by the founda- 
tion of the Imperial University; the cri- 
minal code has been moulded anew; a 
legislation of commerce has been esta- 
blished, and the civil administration of 
justice has been meliorated? The em- 
kellishments commenced in the capital, 
and in the interior of the empire, have 
been continued with activity; the trea- 
sures of art acquired by conquest in fo- 
reign countries, have been transplanted 
to the borders of the Seine; new canals 
have been created for the purpose of in- 
ternal communication; old ones have 
been restored; while highways, which 
Retrospect of French Literature—Geography. 
of France, excluded from ail the ports 
, 
display great genius, have been formed 
in various directions. ) 
“The empire has been enlarged by 
the incorporation of the towns of Wesel, 
Cassel, Kehl, and Flushing; these, which 
are but of little importance in themselves, 
had. been. lung under the influence of 
France, but they are useful for the de- 
fence of the Confederation of the Rhine, 
so strictly allied to the empire; and also 
of Holland, now (1808) governed by a 
prince of the dynasty of Napoleon. The 
occupation of Etruria and Parma pre- 
sents a more brilliant accession; but 
those countries have been for many years 
regulated by France, and nothing was 
wanting but a formal union, France 
has been thus augmented by the addition 
of a surface of 458 square leagues, a po- 
pulation of 1,850,000 men, and arevenue 
of direct imposts, to the amount of 
4,900,000 franks. These-two provinces 
form four departments, viz. those ef the 
Taro, the Arno, the Mediterranean Sea, 
and that of Ombrona; so that the nums 
ber of departments is now augmented to 
114; and that of deputies to the legisla- 
tive body, to $342. The 115th depart- 
ment was established in the interior of 
the empire, at the end of 1808; this is 
the department of the Taro and the 
Garonne, which is divided into three 
arrondissemens. Montauban is the 
chief town, whiclr has at the same time 
heen admitted into the number of those, 
the mayors of which are entitled to assist 
at the coronation of the emperor, In 
shorr, this immense empire, at the end 
of the year 1808, comprehended a sur- 
face of 16,784485 of square leagues, with 
a population of 39,347,397 inhabitants, 
(consequently 2,344 individuals for every 
square mile) who are contained in 2,294 
cities, and 104,000 towns or villages. 
This extent and population, are distri« 
buted as follows: 
1. The empire, Square miles, Inhabitants. 
properlysocalled > 12,277+¢45 37,842,567 
comprehends 
2. The depen- 
acl principa- 653% 218,430 
ities - 
8. The colonies - 4,441;44, 1,286,400 
“ The revenues amount to 720 millions 
of franks; the army te 569,930 men; the 
fleet to 40 ships of the line and 30 fri- 
gates. ”s 
“The maritime war still continues; 
England has been separated from the con- 
tinent, and in consequence of the efforts . 
of 
