Retrospect of French Literature—Geography. 
‘ef Europe. A French army has marched 
: towards Lisbon, while the Prince Regent, 
with his treasures and his fleet, has gone 
in search ofa new kingdom. The King 
-of Spain has ceded his rights to the Em- 
» peror Napoleon, who has conveyed them 
to his brother Joseph, King of Naples; 
assigning the throne of the Two Sicilies to 
his brother-in-law Joachim, Grand Duke 
of Berg, who has resigned his possessions 
in Germany to the emperor. One. por- 
tion of the Spanish nation, with a view 
-of opposing those arrangements, has com- 
menced a civil war inthe Peninsula; the 
English, who are their allies; have re- 
occupied Portugal, and the French in 
their turn have advanced against both.” 
II. THE KINGDOM OF ITALY. : 
“ Several decrees for the internal admi- 
nistration of this portion of the French 
empire have been enacted ; a consulta- 
tive senate hath assumed the place of 
the legislative section in the council of 
state; the order of the iron crown has 
been augmented; the city of Venice has 
obtained great privileges; a treaty of 
commerce has been concluded with 
Bavaria; an exchange has been founded 
‘at Milan; and the whole of the internal 
administration has been assimilated as 
nearly as possible, with that of France. 
The States of the Church, viz. Urbino, 
Ancona, Macerata, and Camerino, have 
all been united to the kingdom of 
Ttaly. . Since the 11th of May, 1808, 
these provinces form three additional 
departments,, viz. those of Metauro, 
Tronto,, and Musone: these. accessions 
have encreased the departments of the 
kingdom to twenty four, exclusive of 
Dalmatia. The number of towns of the 
first order, amounts to 126; the towns of 
the second order, to 272; the villages 
are 7,500, and the hearths 980,000. The 
revenues of the state are nearly 122 mil- 
lions of livres, while the expenses in 
1807 were .calculated at 114,230,000 
livres. The army consists of 30,000 
men. 
Iu. THE KINGDOM OF NAPLES. 
* By conferring this portion of Italy, 
first on the brother, and next on the 
brother-in-law, of Napoleon, it was the 
intention of the government to regenerate 
a state almost annihilated, and toawaken 
a degree of energy among the people, 
which has hitherto been vainly sought 
for within the walls of Naples. The only 
_recent publication of any value that has 
Jately appeared bere, is entitled ‘ Ta- 
bleaux de Naples,” and “ les Lettres sur 
1’ Italie.” 
681 
IV. THE OTHER ITALIAN STATES. 
“ During the course of this year, the 
States of the Church have experienced a 
great revolution; the secular power of the 
pope has been confined to a very limited 
extent of territory in the vicinity of 
Rome; the March of Ancona, together 
with Urbino, Camerinu, avd Macerata, 
having all been re-united to the kingdom 
of Italy. In 1792, the holy father, withe 
out reckoning considerable possessions” 
in Italy, possessed the Counties d’Avig- 
non and Venaissin, together with -the 
duchy of Benevento, and Pontecorro, 
which constituted an extent of 360 
square leagues, with 2,100,000 inha- 
bitants; but at the present moment he 
only retains Rome, with the Campagna, 
and the legations of Viterbo, Spoleto, 
and Perugia, comprehending 310 square 
leagues; together with 620,000 inha- 
bitants.* Sicily and Sardinia, still obey 
their former masters; the Lonian isles are 
occupied by the French; Malta is in- 
corporated with Great Britain; and as to 
Lucea and Piombino,they present nothing 
remarkable. , 
V. SWITZERLAND, THE PAYS DE VAUDy 
AND NEUFCHATEL, : 
‘ These three states have not experz- 
enced any political change, during this 
year; the first of them, however, has been 
subjected to considerable internal trou. 
bles, and become also the theatre of 
some of the grand catastrophes of nature, 
Among the works which make mention 
ef this country, we have distinguished 
the following: , 
1. «L’Almanach Helvetienne,’ which ~ 
contains excellent materials for the geo- 
graphy and staustics of that country. 
2. ‘Alpina,’ ‘a work calculated. to 
make the Alps better known. hie 
3. * Descriptions de queiques parties 
de la Suisse, on la Catastrophe de la 
Vallée de Goldau.’ 
And 4. ‘Mont Rigi,’ 
nature. 
VI. CONFEDERATION OF THE RHINE. 
“ This confederation, whicly has assum-=- 
ed the place of the “ ancient union” of the 
German nations, and which is under the 
immediate protection of France, at pre- 
sent contains the whole of ancient Ger- 
many, with an exception of the pro- 
vinces of Austria, Prussia, and Denmark, 
together with such states as may have 
Pei 2D ue ee 
* These territories have been since seized 
upon by the French, and His Holiness him= 
self has been conducted tnto the dominions 
ef Bonaparte. Ld. 
sketched rpm 
— 
been 
