ANNOTATED LIST. 39 
Key to the Species of Fromia. 
A. Superomarginal plates decreasing in size distally with a fair degree of uniformity (though 
me ones may come between large ones now and then), not conspicuously 
swollen. 
B. Second series of actinolateral plates well developed, extending more than half length of ray; 
2 or rarely 3 series of actinal papulx at base of ray. 
C. Rays short and wide, R=2.5-3.8 r and 2.5-3.3 br. 
D. Abactinal plates rather small and numerous, in about 5 to 7 irregular longitudinal 
series on each ray. 
E. Plates of actinal surface covered by a close granulation. 
I’. Disk and rays flat; rays often more than 5, and madreporites often 2 or 3; 
furrow spinelets 3 (rarely 4) on each adambulacral plate; marginal plates 
relatively large andtconspicuOUsras se. ccc es ee eee ecient oe milleporella 
FF’. Disk and rays convex or even tumid; rays 5 and madreporite single; marginal 
plates relatively small and inconspicuous. 
G. Rays rather tumid; actinolateral plates in not more than 3 series at base 
Oferayomurrow:spineletsem astm tee at ten eerie eee eee balanse 
GG. Rays convex but not tumid; actinolateral plates in 4 series at base of ray; 
only, 2ifturrowspinelets..s, 4 craccast aaah waarvaeuts, Voc martat tid me tae fecnesuemnsiacs andamanensis 
IE. Plates of actinal surface covered with stout spinelets...............00.0.000- tumida 
DD. Abactinal surface of each ray covered by about 3 irregular series of large, somewhat 
swollen, plates mingled with many much smaller ones; rays 5 or 6, flattened indica 
CC. Rays always 5, long and narrow, R=38.5-5.5 r and 4-5 br. 
D. No actinal pedicellarix. 
E. Abactinal surface covered with a uniform coat of fine granules; 3 furrow spinelets; 
12 Beet so) Ca A oe eR ei ert GAO Sc ICR Cie IRCA ROE TCL TERT ORAL AeA CCS pacifica 
EE. Abactinal granulation coarse, granules of each plate forming a distinct group, 
central granules no larger or smaller than those of margin; only 2 furrow 
BpIMelebs Mle — aaa errs craccie ce elereie ie acsievereistefecetere ceeintcrersiaue tiee saree iia sroeT ere elegans 
DD Abundantiactinallipedicellarise’. Jers slierei«i-tericlane corse a oet= = eee asc eters whole steraleteieters eusticha 
BB. Second series of actinolateral plates poorly developed, not extending half the length of ray; 
not more than one series of actinal papule and that often more or less 
incomplete. 
C. Abactinal granulation fine or moderately coarse but none of the plates with large tubercle- 
like granules. 
D. Adambulacral armature with 3 (2 to 4) broad, flat, more or less spatulate furrow 
spines; 2 or 3 shorter, heavier, but not broader subambulacral spines; 2 or 3 
large granules and a second series of smaller granules; R less than 4 br.; 
tubercle-like granules on distal marginal plates, conspicuous and more or 
IEChi bess) 900) ee eno Dae ary CRC One Doe DEMCO AS AO DaD OO Aa OR EIOn hemiopla 
DD. Adambulacral armature with 2 (very rarely 3) thick furrow spines, which are not 
at all broad or flat, or spatulate; conspicuous subambulacral spine, much 
wider, stouter, and sometimes even longer than furrow spines, occasionally 
accompanied by a second much smaller spine or high tubercle; and a few 
granules like those on the actinolateral plates; R more than 4 br.; tubercle- 
like granules on distal marginal plates, small, few and inconspicuous...... hadracantha 
CC. Abactinal granulation coarse, many abactinal plates with large, tubercle-like granules. armata 
AA. Superomarginal plates on distal half of ray with large ones conspicuously swollen, alternating 
with small, flat ones (or, as described by Perrier, separated by a wide space) 
giving distal part of arms, when seen from above, a somewhat moniliform se. 
AUP POAT ANCE Fe fey oyctey --2te so sueiebehissatal et sle ec relelel eho! a/hal meted eile: ov olefais)» fele, cv' eielslwdsteleis, =iedei= monilis 
balanse. All of the four species were based on material in the Paris Museum. In 1881, 
apparently forgetful of his own species, he described a specimen of monilis from Japan 
in the Museum of Comparative Zodlogy collection as F. japonica. In 1882 Bell described 
and figured a species as F’. tumida, which is remarkable for the spinulation of the actinal 
surface. In 1894 Perrier again introduces a needless name by describing young specimens 
of Narcissia canariensis as F. narcissie. Koehler, in 1895, described a very large specimen 
of monilis under the name major and in 1909 and 1910 he described two interesting new 
species in the Indian Museum as F’. andamanensis and F. armata. In 1910, Déderlein 
described a large species F. schultzei from the Cape of Good Hope, but I am including it 
in the new genus Austrofromia (p. 48). In 1913 Fisher described two well-marked new 
species, F’. eusticha from the Sulu Archipelago and F’. hemiopla from Mindanao. 
