hed ’ 
ANNOTATED LIST. 63 
individual diversity and I do not think they afford any reliable specific characters. The 
nature of the adambulacral armature, on the other hand, is of very great importance, but 
the development of a second series of subambulacral spines is subject to great diversity 
and it may be wholly wanting or more or less well developed in one and the same species. 
The size and character of the abactinal plates furnish good specific characters in several 
species, but their arrangement is subject to very great diversity in all. 
The results of the study of the available material and literature are shown in the follow- 
ing list of species hitherto referred to Linckia, showing their present status in my judgment, 
and in the key to the species which seem to me valid. The study of living material will 
greatly improve the accuracy and usefulness of the key. 
List and present Status of Sea-stars which have been referred to Linckia.' 
[The names in black-face type are those of valid members of the genus.] 
wgyptiaca (Gray) von Martens, 1866 =Gomophia egyptiaca. 
bifascialis Gray 1840 = Phataria unifascialis. 
bouvieri Perrier, 1875, is valid. 
brownii Gray, 1840, is an Ophidiaster by description but is obviously L. levigata by the figures to which reference 
is made. 
columbiz Gray, 1840, is valid. 
cost Russo, 1894, is apparently multifora but as no measurements are given and the description is otherwise quite 
inadequate, the species can not be certainly identified. 
crassa Gray, 1840, is the short-armed form of l@vigata. 
cylindrica (von Martens) 1866 = Dactylosaster cylindricus. 
diplax (Miiller and Troschel) Liitken 1871, is a species of doubtful validity. 
dubiosa Koehler, 1910a = Tamaria dubiosa. 
echinulata (Miller and Troschel) Gray, 1866 = Mithrodia clavigera. 
ehrenbergii (Miller and Troschel) Gray, 1866 =L. guildingit. 
erythrea Gray, 1840, is quite unknown.? 
franciseanus Nardo, 1834, is not identifiable but is probably an Ophidiaster. 
guildingii Gray, 1840, is valid. 
hemprichi (Miller and Troschel) von Martens, 1866 = Dactylosaster cylindricus. 
intermedia Gray, 1840, is quite unknown.’ 
kuhlii (Miller and Troschel) von Martens, 1866 =Ferdina kuhlii. 
lzvigata (Linné) Liitken, 1871, is valid. 
leachii Gray, 1840=L. multifora. 
marmorata (Michelin) von Martens, 1869 = Tamaria marmorata. 
megaloplax Bell, 1884 =Tamaria fusca. 
miliaris (Miller and Troschel) von Martens, 1866 = L. levigata. 
milleporella (Lamarck) Miiller and Troschel, 1840=Fromia milleporella. 
milleporella (Lamarck) von Martens, 1866 =Fromia monilis. 
multifora (Lamarck) Liitken, 1871, is valid. 
multiforas Gray 1840=L. multifora. 
multiforis (Miller and Troschel) von Martens, 1866=L. multifora. 
nicobarica Liitken, 1871 =L. guildingit. 
nodosa Perrier, 1875=L. bouvieri. 
nodosa Bell, 1884 = Hacelia helicosticha. 
ornithopus (Miiller and Troschel) Verrill, 1866=L. guildingit. 
pacifica Gray, 1840=L. guildingit. 
pauciforis von Martens, 1866 =Nardoa pauciforis. 
pistorius (Miller and Troschel) von Martens, 1866 =Fromia milleporella. 
pulchella Gray, 1840, is quite unknown.” 
pusilla (Miiller and Troschel) von Martens, 1866 =Tamaria pusilla. 
pustulata von Martens, 1866 =Ophidiaster pustulatus. 
rosenbergi von Martens, 1866, is of uncertain validity. 
semiregularis (Miiller and Troschel) von Martens, 1866 =Certonardoa semiregularis. 
semiseriata von Martens, 1866 = Plenardoa semiseriata. 
subulata (Gray) von Martens, 1866 = Metrodira subulata. 
1 Many of the conclusions shown in this table are not original but were reached years ago by Verrill, Liitken, 
Perrier, and Sladen. ; 
2The three species, erythrwa, intermedia, and pulchella which made up Gray’s subgenus Acalia are entirely 
unknown. I have never seen a sea-star which seemed to meet the diagnostic requirements of the group, nor has any 
writer since Gray been able to throw any light on the mystery. 
