ANNOTATED LIST. 75 
the genus, large (4 mm. in diameter), elevated a trifle, slightly concave, with very numerous 
furrows. Terminal plate small (2 mm. in diameter), swollen, and smooth. Papular areas 
quite distinct, each with about 20 papule; distally, of course, the areas are steadily smaller 
with fewer papule. 
Actinal skeleton as usual, of an adambulacral series, an actinolateral series of small 
plates corresponding in number to the adambulacrals, and a second series of only half 
as many “transverse ossicles,” as Fisher calls them; these correspond in number to the 
inferomarginal plates and connect each pair of actinolaterals with an inferomarginal; the 
exact position of the transverse ossicle with reference to the pair of actinolaterals varies 
much; it may touch both members of the pair or only the distal or more rarely only the 
proximal. Papular areas are well developed between the transverse ossicles. Pedicellarize 
of the usual entrenched type occur on the actinolateral plates at the base of the rays 
but they are very few, only 1 to 3 on each ray. Adambulacral armature made up of the 
usual furrow series and subambulacral spines; the furrow series forms a very even row set 
in a fold of skin, with not even their tips really free; there are 2 spinelets on each plate, 
the bases close together, the slightly narrower tips a trifle separated; each pair is a little 
separated from its neighbors; the spinelets are rather flat with rounded tips; each is a milli- 
meter long, but the pair is hardly a millimeter wide; there is no trace of a furrow on the 
inner face. Subambulacral spines about 2 mm. long but becoming much shorter, smaller, 
and more tubercle-like distally; near mouth, these spines are about 0.60 mm. wide, but 
near middle of arm they are fully 1.20 mm.; the tip is truncate and flattened but hardly 
chisel-shaped. Each of the first 20 (more or fewer) adambulacral plates has a subambula- 
cral spine, but after that there is one on every third or fourth only; the proximal spines 
are united by a fold of skin which is continuous across the interradius so that the series 
of spines on the right-hand side of each ray is united with the left-hand series of the adjoin- 
ing ray. The 2 innermost spines, at the apex of the V-shaped group are longest and are 
presumably the suboral spines of that mouth angle. Each mouth plate also carries 4 
marginal spines, not distinguishable from the furrow spines of the adambulacral plates 
save that they may be a trifle longer. 
Color in life unknown but probably purple, as the dried specimen (which was once 
in alcohol, as shown by the original label) is a very distinct though dull purplish-gray; 
the madreporite is pale brown. 
Holotype, M. C. Z. 765; Hawaiian Islands; A. Garrett, 1860. 
The catalogue entry of this specimen in 1860 says “‘dried from alcohol” and the orig- 
inal label reads “‘Ophidiaster 6th genus. Species c. Sandwich Islands.”’ There is no doubt 
whatever that it is a Leiaster, but it is equally obvious that it is not nearly related to calli- 
peplus, the other Hawaiian species, for that form has 3 furrow spines and short stout rays. 
The color, too, must be fundamentally different, for Fisher particularly states that the 
purple of callipeplus is ‘‘all” lost in aleohol and ‘‘the specimen becomes a dirty faded 
yellow”’; moreover, callipeplus was taken only at depths over 30 fathoms, while it is reason- 
ably certain that brevispinus was found on a reef in shallow water. Although similar to 
leachii in form and to speciosus in pedicellarix, this new Hawaiian species differs obviously 
from both, in its color and in its short, wide furrow spines. 
PHARIA. 
Gray. 1840. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 6, p. 284. As a subgenus of Ophidiaster. 
Sladen. 1889. Challenger Ast., p. 398. As a genus. 
Genotype: Ophidiaster pyramidatus Gray, 1840, l.c. Monotypic. 
Like Phataria, this is a characteristic genus of the Panamic region, containing but a 
single species. 
