ANNOTATED LIST. 131 
Ophiocoma brevipes var. longispina. 
Ophiocoma insularia var. longispina H. L. Clark. 1917. Bull. M. C. Z., 61, p. 441. 
This variety is based on a single specimen from Easter Island and may represent only 
an extremely divergent individual of insularia. But the arm-spines are 5 to 6 mm. long, 
equaling 4 or 5 arm-segments, and there may be as many as 5 on the basal arm-joints. 
The jaws are much longer and with more evident oral plates than in typical insularia. 
Ophiocoma pusilla. 
Ophiomastiz pusilla Brock. 1888. Zeit. f. w. Zool., 47, p. 499.—Koehler. 1905. Siboga Oph. Litt., p. 65; 
pl. vi, figs. 9, 10; pl. xiii, fig. 3. 
The close, uniform coat of granules which covers the disk seems to me to necessitate 
putting this species in Ophiocoma. Not having seen a specimen, I can not pass on its 
validity, but it must be noted that all known specimens are very small and it is possible that 
they are only the young of a much larger form, perhaps some ophiocomid already known. 
As yet pusilla has been found certainly only at Amboina, where Brock says he secured 
many specimens. Semon, however, failed to find it there. 
Ophiocoma pumila. 
Ophiocoma pumila Liitken. 1856. Vid. Med., p. 13.—1859. Add. ad Hist. Oph., pt. 2, p. 146, pl. iv, figs. 5a—-5d. 
Ophiocoma placentigera Liitken. 1859. Add. ad Hist. Oph., pt. 2, p. 147. 
This familiar and easily recognized species occurs not only throughout the West 
Indian region from Bermuda to Tobago, but also is found at the Cape Verde Islands and 
on the west coast of Africa. The most notable facts in its life-history are that in its early 
stages, after the adult form is assumed, there are 6 arms, and reproduction by fission occurs 
as in Ophiactis savignyi, and further, the coloration at that stage is green and white, as in 
the Ophiactis. For these reasons the young Ophiocomas closely resemble the Ophiactis 
and may be easily mistaken for it, since they inhabit very similar places, such as the alge 
around the sides of a rock partly buried in the sand. The adult O. pumila retain the habit 
of secreting themselves among and under alge, quite unlike the other West Indian Ophio- 
comas. The green coloration is replaced by yellowish-brown in the adult, except at the 
tips of the arms or on regenerating parts. There is rarely any evidence of a continuous 
light line on the under side of the arm, but each under arm-plate has 1 to 3 light areas 
along its distal margin. The disk-diameter rarely exceeds 15 mm., but the arms may be 
ten times as long. 
Ophiocoma alexandri. 
Lyman. 1860. Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 7, p. 256.—H. L. Clark. 1915. Mem. M. C. Z., 25, p. 291, pl. 
16, figs. 5, 6. 
This is the west-coast representative of pumila, known from Cape St. Lucas to the 
Pearl Islands, Panama. It has not yet been found at the Galapagos. It reaches a larger 
size than pumila, with disk 15 to 20 mm. across and arms 150 to 200 mm. long. Nothing 
is recorded as to color in life, but to judge from museum material, it would seem to be very 
much like that of pumila. It is not known whether the young have 6 arms, but it is highly 
probable that they have. 
Ophiocoma valenciz. 
Ophiocoma valencie Miiller and Troschel. 1842. Sys. Ast., p. 102.—H. L. Clark. 1915. Mem. M. C. Z., 24, 
p. 293, pl. 16, figs. 7, 8. 
Ophiocoma valentie de Loriol. 1893. Mém. Soc. Phys. Hist. Nat. Genéve, 32, pt. 1, No. 3, p. 29. 
This species, closely related as it is to pumila and alexandri, seems to be confined to 
the east coast of Africa, from Mozambique to the Red Sea, and the Mascarene Islands. 
Bell (1902) records it as common throughout the Maldive Islands, but this seems to be 
