148 THE ECHINODERMS OF TORRES STRAIT. 
Nudechinus darnleyensis. 
Echinus darnleyensis J. E. Tenison-Woods. 1878. Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. W., 2, p. 167. 
Nudechinus darnleyensis H. L. Clark. 1912. Mem. Mus. Comp. Zodl., 34, p. 277. 
It was a great disappointment to me that although we were three days at Darnley 
Island (Erub), we found no small echini there, nor did we meet with this species anywhere 
else. The localities from which the type material came are given as ‘‘ Darnley Island and 
Cape Grenville” (northern Queensland) ‘10-20 fms.” Bell (1884) says the Alert took 
small echini at Thursday Island and in Prince of Wales Channel which he refers to this 
species provisionally. I believe it is not known from elsewhere, the small echini collected 
by the Siboga, identified by de Meijere as darnleyensis, apparently representing two different 
species (according to Mortensen, 1904). 
Tnipneustes gratilla. 
Echinus gratilla Linné. 1758. Sys. Nat., ed. 10, p. 664. 
Tripneustes gratilla Lovén. 1887. Ech. Linn., p. 77. 
(Plate 17, Figure 6.) 
From Mozambique to the Red Sea on the west to Hawaii, Clarion Island, and the 
Paumotus on the east, this big, conspicuous, and common sea-urchin ranges. It is very 
common at Mer, and I found one specimen at Green Island, Queensland. It is recorded 
by Whitelegge (1889) as ‘“‘very rare” in Port Jackson, doubtless the extreme southern 
limit of its range. On the west coast of Australia it occurs as far south as Sharks Bay. 
It has not yet been reported from the Thursday Island region nor from the Aru Islands. 
At Mer, gratilla occupies the same habitat and shows the same habits as its congener, 
esculentus, does in the West Indies, preferring open, more or less grassy bottoms when 
adult, but living in concealment under and among rocks when young. The color of gratilla 
(pl. 17, fig. 6) is much more striking than is that of esculentus, and also more variable. As 
a rule the test is dark, commonly rich blue-purple, the spines white, and the pedicels white 
with more or less black basally. This was the color of the individuals seen at Tahiti, but 
the specimen found at Green Island had the spines tipped with deep orange. Among the 
individuals seen at Mer the orange-color was generally strongly developed, the spines 
being commonly wholly orange, but sometimes there was orange at the spine-tips only, 
and pow and then it was wholly wanting. It is a very fugitive color and I found no method 
of preparation that would serve to save it. Some individuals of gratilla reach a large size; 
the largest I have measured is 145 mm. in diameter. 
TEMNOPLEURID£E. 
Temnopleurus toreumaticus. 
Cidaris toreumatica Leske. 1778. Add. ad Klein, p. 155. 
Temnopleurus toreumaticus L. Agassiz. 1841. Mon. d’Ech.: Obs. Prog. Rec. Hist. Nat. Ech., p. 7. 
This species has a rather unusual distribution, occurring from the Persian Gulf to 
southern Japan, including the Maldive Islands and Ceylon, and southward through the 
East Indies to northern Australia. It also occurs at Delagoa Bay, South Africa, though it 
is not yet known between that point and the Persian Gulf. Déderlein records it from 
the Aru Islands and Bell says the Alert took it in Prince of Wales Channel, Torres Strait, 
and at Port Denison, Queensland. We did not meet with Temnopleurus at any place 
where we collected. 
Salmacis belli. 
Salmacis spheroides var. belli Déderlein. 1903. Jena. Denkschr., 8, p. 718, pl. lxiv, figs. 1-1c. 
Salmacis belli Mortensen. 1904. Siam. Ech., pp. 68, 72. 
This is a characteristic species of northern Australia, and I regret very much that 
we failed to meet with it. It was first taken by the Challenger in Torres Strait and subse- 
