180 THE ECHINODERMS OF TORRES STRAIT. 
Pacific region from Natal to the Red Sea on the west to the Hawaiian and Society Islands 
in the east; northward the species reaches 34° 20’ on the eastern coast of Japan (Kozu 
Island), while its southern limit is still uncertain. It occurs at Bowen and is listed from 
Rockhampton, but as this city is 43 miles from the ocean, the vicinity of Keppel Bay is 
probably meant, and it is not at all unlikely that leucospilota occurs there. Lampert’s 
record from ‘‘ Adelaide” can hardly refer to the South Australian capital, while the record 
from ‘‘Peru”’ of course means the island in the Pacific and not the South American country. 
Kent’s (1893) statements regarding the size and color indicate a mistaken identification of 
his Barrier Reef material, though no doubt he found leucospilota along the Queensland coast. 
At Mer we found this species fairly common on the lower surface of rock-fragments. 
The color is usually brown, as shown in Semper’s figure, but becomes very dark in old 
individuals and is light, tending to purplish, in small ones. In many individuals the dorsal 
papille are numerous, long, and slender, in considerable contrast to the shorter, stouter 
pedicels of the ventral side. Cuvier’s organs are slender and white in life, and it is probable 
that any color they may have in preserved specimens is artificial. 
Holothuria marmorata. 
Bohadschia marmorata Jaeger. 1833. De Hol., p. 18, pl. 3, fig. 9. 
Holothuria marmorata Semper. 1868. Holothurien, p. 79, pl. xxx, fig. 10. 
This fine big holothurian was common on the reef-flat at Mer, the largest specimens 
fully 400 mm. long by 100 mm. wide. The body-wall is firm and there are very numerous 
small pedicels. The color is yellow-brown, pale ventrally (sometimes nearly white) and 
dark dorsally; the pedicels are noticeably darker than the adjacent body-wall. Often 
there are blotches of a lighter or a darker shade dorsally. Cuvier’s organs are well devel- 
oped. The species ranges from Mauritius to Fiji, and north to the Riu Kiu Islands. How 
far south it ranges is unknown, for it is not certain that Kent’s (1893) ‘‘marmorata”’ from 
the Barrier Reef is the present species. 
Holothuria modesta. 
Ludwig. 1874. Arb. Zool.-zoot. Inst. Wirzburg, 2, p. 106, pl. vii, fig. 26. 
This little-known species was originally described from Cape York, but the account 
is very brief and neither size nor color of the unique holotype is mentioned. Bell (1884) 
records a single specimen from Torres Strait, with a question mark and without any in- 
formation. Lampert (1885) lists three specimens from Kosseir, on the Red Sea, but as 
the largest was only 10 mm. long it is obvious that their identification is open to very 
serious doubt. Sluiter (1901) lists a specimen from Macassar and one from Saleyer, but 
gives no information whatever about them. 
At Friday Island, and a few days later at Erub, we found holothurians which seem 
to be this species, but at Mer not a single specimen was found. Those seen at Erub were 
100 to 125 mm. long, dull gray, with yellow tentacles and pedicels. My notes comment 
on the “‘very short” tentacles and say that the species was “‘rather common under stones.” 
Holothuria monocaria. 
Lesson. 1830. Cent. Zool., p. 225, pl. 78. 
This well-known Indo-Pacific species was taken by Semon at Thursday Island, and 
we found it common at Mer. It also occurred at Green Island, Queensland. Mitsukuri 
reports it as abundant at Misaki, Japan, and says it attains a length of more than 500 mm. 
there. I found it common at Hilo, Hawaii, but neither there nor at Mer did I see 
individuals anywhere nearly 500 mm. long. At Mer it always occurred on the under side 
of rock-fragments. 
