EXTIRPATED SPECIES 



The birds listed here were found in Minnesota in years past 

 but now are entirely absent. 



Trumpeter Swan. Formerly S.R. Apparently extinct everywhere. 



Avocet. Formerly S.R. 



Long-billed Curlew. Once a common S.R. on the prairies; dis- 

 appeared about 25 or 30 years ago. 



Eskimo Curlew. Formerly an abundant T.V^. Now nearly extinct 

 everywhere. 



Wild Turkey. In June, 1893, Dr. Wm. C. Portmann of Jackson, 

 Jackson Co., Minn., related to the writer the following in 

 regard to this bird: About thirty years ago, a farmer named 

 Stone killed four Wild Turkeys from a flock of about thirty 

 that lived in a piece of heavy timber in a bend of the Des 

 Moines River just at the Iowa-Minnesota line. The farmer 

 himself told Dr. Portmann of the occurrence. Another old 

 resident of Jackson corroborated the statement. 



Still more ancient, traditional lore would have the Wild 

 Turkey a denizen of the deep and heavily wooded valleys of 

 southeastern Minnesota in bygone times. The writings of the 

 earlier travellers into this region are silent in regard to the 

 Turkey, which seemingly would have elicited comment had 

 it been in evidence along the banks of the Mississippi. 



Passenger Pigeon. Formerly an abundant S.R. Rapidly dimin- 

 ished in numbers between the years 1878 and 1885, finally 

 disappearing entirely between 1890 and 1900. It is now 

 extinct everywhere. All other theories to the contrary, the 

 extermination of this bird was the result of ruthless and whole- 

 sale destruction by man. 



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Young Baltimore Oriole 



