MAMMALS OF PENNSYLVANIA AND NEW JERSEY. 73 



that said Jared or Jerod is the guilty trapper by whose infamous pertinacity 

 the "last beavers " of Pennsylvania were gathered to their fathers ! 



Sullivan and Tioga Cos. — "Nearly extinct [1834] in the Allegheny Mts." 

 Traces of their cuttings reported seen at headwaters of Pine, Lycoming, or 

 Loyalsock creeks. — See Taylor, London's Magazine Nat. History, 1835, vol. 

 8> PP- 536 to 539. "None captured or seen in Tioga Co. in my recollection 

 of 50 yef rs." — Cleveland, 1900. 



Venango Co. — None seen or heard of in last 25 years. — Dorworth, 1900. 



Wayne Co. — Beavers especially haunted the headwaters of the Lehigh and 

 Lackawaxen. Willows, birch and poplars were their favorite building 

 material. "The last one killed was near Honesdale. The last I ever saw 

 was caught in a trap by Edmund Nicholson, of Salem [township]." (No 

 dates given.) — See Goodrich, Hist. Wayne Co., 1880. 



Summary of foregoing records. — It is evident that this interesting animal 

 was practically exterminated in the eastern half of its Canadian habitat in Pa. 

 about 1830 ; that some remained in the headwaters of the west branch of the 

 Susquehanna till about 1840, and that almost the last stragglers of their race 

 were killed in Elk, Clarion, and Centre Cos., between the years 1850 and 

 1865. By what means the two specimens, one said to have been killed in 

 Clinton Co. in 1884, and the other reported seen in Cambria Co. in 1899, 

 succeeded in evading their deadly foes, both man and beast, for the remain- 

 ing third of a century we are at a loss to say, unless they were escaped im- 

 portations from some part of the countr}\ 



Description of species. — It will suffice to merely indicate the racial differ- 

 ences between the northern and southern beavers of eastern North America. 

 The northern animal {cafiadensis) is rather smaller and with a shorter hind 

 foot than the southern {carolinensis), and the scaly portion of the tail is twice 

 as long as its width, while in the latter the relative width is considerably 

 greater. The upper winter fur of canadensis is blackish brown, the hairs 

 tipped with chestnut, rump and thighs dark chestnut. In carolinensis the 

 upper colors are hazel brown and the rump and thighs cinnamon rufous, the 

 under parts broccoli brown, making it a much duller and paler colored 

 animal than the Canadian beaver. The fur of the latter is long, full and soft 

 while that of the former is much shorter and relatively harsher and thinner at 

 the same season of year. 



Measurements. — {Canadensis) total length, iioo mm. (35 in.) ; tail verte- 

 brae, 410 (1654^) ; hind foot, 175 {(>%). {Carolinensis) total length, iioo 

 (35) ; hind foot, 184 (7^) ; scaly part of tail, 279 x 158 (11 x6^). 



Southeastern Beaver. Castor canadensis carolinensis Rhoads. 



1898. Castor canadensis carolinensis Rhoads, Transactions American 

 Philosoph. Society, Phila., vol. 19, p. 420. 



