49S Drt/tn 



bear inspection separately ? If Alethes 

 would siifff-T tlie subscribers to know, 

 that, in advcrtisiug throughout England, 

 the htlle fallacious Report of the 28th 

 of Februai-j, 1815, containing three 

 pages, above 5001. of this charity-fund 

 was ex|)ended, periiaps he may find 

 that tliey will no longer submit to his 

 system. 



•' Drop, to atone, your money at the door, 

 And, if I please, I'll give it to the pooi .» 



Akthcs may rest satisfied the public 

 «re now acquainted with the real ob- 

 jects of the African Institution, and 

 duly appreciate their merits. 



An Old Abolitionist. 



To the Editor of the Monthly Magazine. 



SIR, 



IN reference to a letter which ap- 

 peared iu your Magazine for No- 

 vember, p. 318, under the signature of 

 O. C, I shall endeavour to answer a 

 few of his enquiries. 



The most occonoinical mode of con- 

 structing a small drying stove, is un- 

 doubtedly tiiat of Mr. rield, described 

 by him in tlie Transactions of the So- 

 ciety of Arts, vol. xxiv. and from thence, 

 in an abridged form, in tlic 'Retrospect 

 of Discoveries,' vol. iii. It is to be re- 

 gretted tliat this stove is not universally 

 constructed iu all houses, as it would 

 sene for many domestic purposes ; and, 

 in one instance, would be of great ser- 

 vice in preventing the danger of fire 

 that arises in the drying of clothes by 

 llie present mode. 



The proper degree of beat for drying 

 malt and wheat, is not exactly known 

 to me ; they may, Iiowcvi r, be found in 

 that excellent work on Husbandry, by 

 JVIill.s. Tillet (Ency clop. Method. Arts 

 et Metiers, vol. i.) found tlie heat of a 

 baker's oven, when fit to receive the 

 dough to be bakcd,was448 degrees. The 

 bakers find, empirically, the proper 

 heat by throwing a little flour on the 

 floor of the oven ; when it becomes 

 black very soon, without however taking 

 fire, they judge it lit to receive the 

 <Joi'. ■■:•. . ■ ^ 



There are two constructions of ovens: 

 the one heated by a fire on the floor of 

 the oven itself, the other has a fire-place 

 on one side, and a Hue runs outside ; 

 the lormer is the most u'couomical 

 mode. It is, however, subject to the 

 iueonvenieuce of having the fire to 

 withdraw, and the floor to sweep, before 

 dough is put in. This has been avoided 

 in a very ingenious manner by ftlr. 

 ^Jioweli, who makes tlie. fire ou a movc- 



Stoves and Ovensi [Jan. I» 



able grate, and has two pipes coming 

 through the door of the oven ; the on« 

 to furnish air to the bottom of the fire, 

 and the other to let out the smoke, &:c. 

 These pipes serve as handles to th« 

 moveable grate. 



It is well known to those who have 

 small kitchen-ovens, that the meat 

 baked in them will not brown properly, 

 unless there be left an exit for th» 

 steam ; but, in baking bread, it is ne- 

 cessary to keep the oven close, to pre- 

 vent the otherwise too great loss of 

 weight, which is far greater than i» 

 usually supposed, amounting in bread 

 to about 17 per cent, of its weight, and 

 in baked, meat to about .32 per cent. 



"N'ery complete steam-apparatus, on a 

 small scale, are exhibited for sale, the 

 corner of Gracechurch and Lombard 

 streets. 



And, as to the designation of che- 

 mical attraction by numbers, it has 

 been brought to a very high degree of 

 perfection by Dr. Thomas Young ; so 

 that the result of most chemical ope- 

 rations, iu which single or double de- 

 compositions take place, may be seen 

 at cue view. This paper was published 

 in the Philosophical Transactions for 

 1809, pa) t i. And a meynoHa technieSf 

 for the double decompositions, in the 

 i'orm of Latin hexameters, is to b« 

 found in Nicholson's Philosophical 

 Journal, No. S9. In these he has ex- 

 hibited tJie results of 1260 double de- 

 compositions iu the compass of half an 

 octavo page. S. F. G. 



Cross-street, Hattou Garden. 



To the Editor of the Monthly MagazinCt, 



SIR. 



THE late Solar Eclipse was observed 

 by Mr. Acton, of St. Peter's, and 

 myself, witli tJie following instruments. 



By 3/r. Acton — a reflector, with a CaS' 

 segrain Speculum, made by Mr. Crick- 

 more, ofthis town; with a [lower of about 

 130 : light and image both very good. 



By me — with a refractor of Jonas'sor 

 Martin's construction, with two com- 

 bined Galilean eye-glasses : power 38. 



Theie were three clustered spots on 

 the Sun, about 3| days advanced on the 

 Suns disc. Those most to the iiUerior 

 pretty numerous, and very small ; seve- 

 ral of them subtending an angle of not 

 more than 1" in diameter, or about 400 

 miles. The whole appeared, to my 

 pockft refractor, like one large spot, and 

 must have subtended, with iutcrvals be- 

 tween, an angle of above a minute — about 

 ouc Ujiitv-.scgond oi the iSi'tHi'* diameter, 



Aftta- 



