1821.] Historical Account of the 



1040 obtained the duchy of Lorraine, 

 and from which descended the' Duke 

 Francis Stephen. This prince espoused 

 I\Iaria Theresa, sole daughter and 

 heiress of the Emperor Charles VI. of 

 Austria. Thus after an interval of 32 

 generations, this marriage united the 

 t\vo principal lines of the great family, 

 and was the foundation of the reigning 

 House of Lorraine, of Austria. 



TUSCANY. 



Francis Stephen, or Francis L (a 

 name which he bore as Emperor of 

 Germany) exchanged by a treaty con- 

 cluded at Vienna, 1730, his country of 

 Lorraine for that of Tuscany. The 

 second son inherited, after him, the 

 grand dachy; and, when this prince 

 ascended the imperial throne, he had 

 for his successor in Tuscany, the pre- 

 sent Grand Duke Ferdinand III. second 

 son of the Emperor Leopold. This 

 prince has experienced the peculiar 

 favour as well as the inauspicious power 

 of fortune, having after many reverses 

 and displacements been reinstated in 

 his patrimony by the reorganization of 

 Europe, 



MODENA, MASSA, and CARRARA. 



Mary Beatrix, heir of the last Duke 

 of Mouena, Hercules Rinaldo, married 

 Ferdinand, third son of Francis Ste- 

 phen, which brought into the possession 

 of this prince, and ultimately of his 

 sou, the Duchy of Modena. Tiie widow 

 of Ferdinand is still sovereign of Massa 

 and Carrara, his maternal inheritance, 

 which at her death, will be united to 

 the Duchy of Modena. 



PARMA a«d PLACENTIA. 



Maria Louisa, eldest daughter of the 

 Emperor Francis (first of that name 

 as Emperor of Austria; second as 

 Emperor of Germany) was married to 

 Napoleon (Bonaparte,) first Emperor 

 of the French. Since the first abdica- 

 tion of her husband, this princess was, 

 by a declaration of the congress of 

 Vienna, acknowledged Duchess of Par- 

 ma, Placentia and Guastalla ; but she 

 still preserves the title of Empress. 

 Her son by Napoleon, Joseph Charles 

 Napoleon, is styled Duke of Reicbstadt. 

 He was born 20th March 1811. 



LINE of OLDENBURG. 



The line of Oldenburg, or Holstein, 

 draws its origin from VVithkind, or 

 Witikin, a great captain of the Saxons. 

 One of his descendants, named Die- 

 derick. Is known as father-in-law of 

 the King of Germania, Henry the 

 Fowler. He possessed the coun- 

 try now called Oldenburg, and most 



Royal Houses of Europe. 109 



historians look upon him Diederick as 

 the stock of the house which bears this 

 name. What is certain is, that Chris- 

 tian, theWarlike, bore the title of Count 

 of Oldenburg, 1167. Diederick, the 

 Fortunate, succeeded, 1440, in uniting 

 the province of Oldenburg, Avhich ivas 

 divided between seveial brandies. He 

 iuheritetl by iiis first wife the teriitory 

 of Delmiuhorst, and by his second, the 

 Duchy of Reswick, and the province 

 of Holstein. 



DENMARK. 



The eldest son of the above prince was 

 chosen by the States General of Den- 

 mark, to ascend the tlirone of that 

 kingdom. To this sovereignty was 

 afterwards added that of Norway and 

 Sweden. The two latter were separated 

 from Denmark ; Norway very recently. 

 But the posterity of Diederick, the For- 

 tunate still oicupy his primitive statioT 

 on the throne of Denmark. 



HOLSTEIN GOTTORP. 



The youngest son of Christian (Fre- 

 derick the first) had inherited (1533) 

 from his father the Duchies of Sleswick 

 and Holstein. He was afterwards 

 elected king, and he had for his sue 

 cessor Christian III. Adolphns, third 

 son of Frederick, is the founder of the 

 line of Holstein Gottorp. 

 RUSSIA. 



Charles Frederick, son of Frederick, 

 espoused (1739) Anna Petrowna, daugh- 

 ter of Peter I. Emperor of Russia, and 

 tiiereby became the stock of the family 

 now reigning. The Emperor Paul, be- 

 ing still Grand Duke of Russia, agreed 

 with the King of Denmark to cede to 

 him that part of Holstein which wa» 

 his portion, on condition that the king 

 should give up to him the two provinces 

 of Oldenburg and Delmeuhorst, which 

 his Majesty made over immediately to 

 the youngest line of Holstein Gottorp, 

 and from which was formed the Duchy 

 of Oldenburg. 



SWEDEN. 



Adolphns Frederick, second son of 

 Christian Augustus, was called to the 

 throne of Sweden, The crown, how- 

 ever, did not long remain in his family. 

 His grandson, Gustavus Adolphus, hav- 

 ing been obliged to abdicate in 1809, 

 and his uncle Charles XIII. who suc- 

 ceeded him, dying without issue in 

 1818, the Prince of Ponte Corvo, foi*- 

 merly Marshal (Bernadotte) of the 

 French empire, styled in the life of the 

 King, Prince-1?oyal of Sweden, was 

 invested with the sovereignty, and now 

 reigns under (lie title of Charles XIV. 



