1821. 



New Patents and Mechanical Inventions. 



257 



this invention is invaliiablp, as wlien 

 octw a (levioe or iDscription is encnistt-.l 

 into a solid l)!ock of crystal, like the 

 fly in amber or the Venetian balls 

 (made several centuries since) the in- 

 terior is eompletel)' protected by an 

 exterior coating, and will effectually 

 resist for ages the destructive effects of 

 the action of the atmosphere. 



This singularly beautiful invention 

 is entitled to our notice and recom- 

 mendation on accoimt of its elegance 

 and durability, but as we iear it has 

 not l>een ii; our power by mere descrip- 

 tion, to give our re<iders an adequate 

 idea of its intrinsic userits, Ave have in- 

 troduced onlv a shoi't account of the 

 invention, and recommend the curious 

 to call at tlie patentees' wareliouse in 

 St. Paul's <?hurch-yard, and inspect 

 their extensive collection, which will 

 ^'nable them to appreciate the claims 

 wliich this veiy snjierb article of taste 

 iias upon their admiration. 

 To WILLIAM CKXWfiH AY, of Ct(farfh/a 

 Iron-H'orAs, and DAVII) mushett, 

 of Colrford, Iron Master, for an 

 Improvement for mnmifacturuig Iron 

 from Refuse Slags or Cinders, pro- 

 duced in the smelting of Copper Ores. 

 —April 18, 1818. 



The patentees state tliat it has been 

 long known that certain reiiise slags 

 or cinders, produced in the smelting 

 of copper ores, and in the manufacture 

 of copper, denominated oi'e-furuace 

 slags, and metal-furnace or sharp slags, 

 contain, along witli a portion of copper, 

 a considerable portion of iron. But 

 though such slags or cinders have at 

 different times been subjected to pro- 

 cess for the extraction of the cop})er 

 A\hich they contain, they have not hi- 

 therto been ojierated upon for the pur- 

 {Ktse of bringing the iron tliey contain 

 into a state fit for any of the pui-poses 

 to which pig-iron is applicable, as far 

 as regards the manufacture of bar or 

 other malleable iron. The recovery of 

 such iron, and the bringing it into a 

 fit stat-e for such various purposes, is 

 (he object' of !>.is improvement. They 

 .^certain tiiat fliese slags or cinders, 

 ben pro5»erly smelted in the blast- 

 tuiTiace, ina^', by bis method, and by 

 tliecommm) and ordinary processes of 

 refining, sUimynng, puddling, &c. be 

 converte<l into finer metal, stampetl 

 iron, pnddling iron, ike. and other sorts 

 of malleable or ducfibr iron. But as 

 such refuse slagi or cinders, (luniain 

 certain fjuantities or proportions of 

 copp<;r or other rnetals, wiiic!', when 

 Monthly Mag. No, 352; 



existing beyond a certain proportion' 

 are injurious (o the quality of the bar 

 or other iron that may be extracted 

 from i(, they carefully select and ar- 

 range (he slags or cinders previously to 

 smelting: and as they find the quan- 

 tity of copper in the slags to be greater 

 or less, they smelt them in the blast- 

 furnace with lime-stone in the usual 

 method of making pig-iron, and add 

 to them certain proportions of iron 

 stones, iron ores, or oilier substances 

 containing iron, (increasing the quantity 

 of the iron stones, &c. in proportion to 

 the larger quantity of copper which 

 may be contained in the slags under 

 process, or diminishing their quantity 

 when they contain a comparatively 

 small quantity) till they obtain a qua- 

 lity of mixed fusible metal, capable of 

 being refined and worked, by the pro- 

 cesses now in use, into bar or other 

 useful malleable iron. 



The patentees furthei' ascertain by 

 exjieriment on tlie scale of manufacture 

 that, as a general rule, bar or other 

 malleiible or ductile iron may be manu- 

 factured from pig or cast-iron, contain- 

 ing three pa)(sor metal produced from 

 the slags, and one part of cast-ii-on 

 produced from iron stones, or other 

 substances Avhich contain iron, em- 

 ployed in mixture with the said i-efuse 

 slags. But it will be found necessary 

 sometimes to vaiy this in proportion ac- 

 cording to the quantity of the copper 

 or other metal in tlie slags used : and, 

 under all circumstances they prefer 

 making their mixed fusible metal by 

 smelting the slags and ores together in 

 the blast-fuinace (having previously 

 ascertained their respective quantities 

 of iron, to the making a mixed and 

 fusible metal directly from them, and 

 afterwards mixing this fusible metal, 

 so obtaine,d, with pig-iron, obtained 

 from iron stones, iron ores, &c. Con- 

 sidering it of advantage to introduce 

 the refuse slags in the blast-furnace in 

 as small masses as may be conveniently 

 obtained, tliey either reduce them by 

 any nf the mechanical powers in use, 

 or melt them in an air furnace, and 

 run theni out in smaller masses ; or 

 eHect their granulation by running 

 them while fluid into water. 



They further remark that in smelt- 

 ing tliis mixed metal (which however 

 is chiefly iron) from the refuse slags, a 

 larger quantity of lime is re<iuircd as 

 a flux than in the smelting of jvou 

 diiectly from iron stones or other iron 

 ores : und that with such slags as 

 2 1 they 



