1821.] Historical Account of the Royal Houses of Europe, 327 



forbearance. Argue with them you 

 may — but you have uo right to tax or 

 to starve them out of their opinions ; 

 for if this be once admitted, you may 

 go on to burn their bodies to save their 

 souls, and introduce the wliole machi- 

 nery of the Spanish inquisition. 



The more I reutct on tiiis subject 

 the more I am satisfied that in this 

 country it is better to leave the educa- 

 tion of the people to the course of pub- 

 lic opinion, and to the care of benevo- 

 lent individuals, and of our voluntary 

 associations. The interference of par- 

 liament can only injure the cause, and 

 I doubt wliether even a parliamentary 

 grant of money to either or both of our 

 school-societies, would not do them 

 more harm than good in the eye of 

 the nation. For this reason I would 

 carry the principles of Adam Smith 

 into full and complete effect on this 

 subject, and oppose legislative inter- 

 ference of every kind. The progress 

 in building schools will not be quite so 

 rapid ; but what the people do by their 

 own exertions, they value and prize at 

 its whole amount; whereas if any grant 

 were made by the public, they wo)ild 

 be' apt to neglect the schools when 

 , their novelty had passed away. As for 

 fastening them on the rates, it is mad- 

 ness to think of it, for this would ren- 

 der them odious aad despicable. Be- 

 sides, it would lead to jobbing and 

 abuses of eveiy kind, just like those 

 which have been discovered in so many 

 of our ancient charitable endowments. 

 It is amazing that Mr. B. who has so 

 long been engaged in detecting these 

 abuses, should now be desirous of crea- 

 ting hosts of new ones. But " nemo 

 omnibus horis sapit,'''' and it appears to 

 me, that in attempting to legislate on 

 the subject of national education for 

 England, this gentleman has afforded 

 a complete triumph to his antagonists, 

 and has given us another illustration 

 of the old adage — "A^e sutor ultra crepi- 

 dani.^'' Watchman. 



For the Monthly Magazine, 

 HiSToaicAL ACCOUNT of the Origin 

 and Progress of the present ROYAL 



UOUSES OF EUROPE, 

 (Continued frotn No. 351, p. 108 J 

 NAPLES and tlie two SICILIES. 



THE present king is of the Spanish 

 line of the Bourbons. He also has 

 exiM;rienced the signal favour of for- 

 tune in being restored to sovereignty 

 after expulsion and exile. After having 

 decreed that Naples and Sicily should 

 be but one luonarchy, he assumed, on 



the 8th of Dec. 1816, the name of Fer- 

 dinand I. King of Naples and the Two 



Sicilies. 



PORTUGAL and BRAZIL. 



Portugal is at present kingless, but it 

 continues to receive royal mandates 

 from Brazil. It is the youngest branch 

 of the Burgundian line of the Capets, 

 Avhich now rules over Portugal and 

 Brazil. It draws its origin from the 

 grandson of Hugh Capet, named Robert 

 II. Duke of Burgundy. Alphonsus I. 

 greal grandson of Robert, ascended the 

 throne of Portugal in 1 142. His legiti- 

 mate posterity became extinct in 1383, 

 in the person of Ferdinand ; but a na- 

 tural son of this prince, John I. was 

 elected regent, and in 1385 acknow- 

 ledged king. The legitimate descend- 

 ants of Jolin the Bastard became ex- 

 tinct in 1580, and Philip II. king of 

 Spain, took possession of Portugal, 

 which was, duruig sixty years, under 

 the dominion of the Spaniards. In 

 1640, the Duke of Braganza, descended 

 from a natural son of John the Bastard, 

 released his country by a revolution, 

 which lasted only nine days, and cost 

 but little blood, as the conspiracy was 

 general. The Duke ascended the 

 throne, and from him descends the 

 present king, who, since 1803 has es- 

 tablished his residence at Rio Janeiro, 

 the capital of the Brazils. 



THE LINE OF AZO D'ESTE. 



Under this line, the name of which 

 is now scarcely recognized as relating 

 to the Royal Family of Great Britain, 

 we have to class the most powerful 

 House now in Europe. The Houses of 

 Brunswick, Hanover, Great Britain,and 

 Lichtenstein,as well as that of Modena, 

 whose male descendants are just now 

 extinct. All derive their origin from 

 the Marquis of Este, Azo I. a very pow- 

 erful Lord of Lombardy. His grand- 

 son, Azo the Rand, married, in 1050, 

 the heiress of Guelph II. 



Brunsvvick-Lunenburg. 



From this marriage sprung Guelph 

 II. (IIOI) Duke of Bavaria, whose de- 

 scendants, one of whom was Otho, sur- 

 named the Child, founded, in 1252, the 

 House of Brunswick-Lunenburg. The 

 ancient House of Lunenburg became 

 extinct in the third generation, 1384. 

 Magnus Tonpuitus of Brunswick was 

 the founder of the middle House of 

 Brunswick-Lunenburg, which ceased 

 in tlie line of Brunswi(tk in the person 

 of Frederick Ulric, of Brunswick-Lu- 

 nenburg- WolfenbuKel. In 1546, Er- 

 nest of Lunenburg Zell began a new 

 dynasty. 



