328 Historical Account of the Royal Houses of Europe. [May I, 



brought liim for a dowry the principali- 

 ties of Massa and Carrara. In 1797 he 

 ceded his territory to the French govern - 

 ment, and obtained in exchangetheBris- 

 gau and the Ortenaii. Tliese he yielded 

 in his life-time to his son-in-law, the 

 Archduke Ferdinand of Austria (1806) 

 brother to the Emperor Joseph II. and 

 Leopold II. ; but the Archduke Mas 

 obliged to give them up to the House 

 of Baden, by virtue of the treaty of 

 peace of Presburgh. By the establish- 

 ment of the hereditary right, whose 

 legitimacy was acknowledged in 1814, 

 Francis, son and successor of Ferdi- 

 nand, has been reinstated in the pos- 

 session of the Duchies of Modena, Reg- 

 gio, and Mirandola ; but at the same 

 time, Mary Beatrix, widow of Ferdi- 

 nand, recovered Massa and Carrara, 

 his maternal right, whicli, at her death, 

 will be united with the other possessions 

 of his son. 



LICHTENSTEIN, 



It is also from Azo d'Este that the 

 foreign house of Lichtenstein is derived, 

 with however less historical facts in the 

 details. Ditmar, who first assumed the 

 title of Lord of Lichtenstein, is stated 

 in diplomatic documents, to have de- 

 scended from Adelbert, one of the off- 

 spring of Azo. Hartman, 4th of 

 Litchtenstein, 15S5, one of the descen- 

 dants of Ditmar, left three sons, 

 Charles, Maximilian, and Gondacre, 

 who were raised to the rank of prince ; 

 the first in 1618, and the two latter 

 in 1623. Maximilian dying without 

 children, his brothers founded separate 

 lines, the one the line of Charles, the 

 other that of Gondacre. John Adam 

 Andrew, grandson of Charles, bought 

 the manors of Schellenberg and Vadizy 

 which at his disease were transferred 

 to Prince Autony-Florian in 1712, the 

 epoch of the extension of the line of 

 Charles. The manors, adjoining to- 

 gether, were united and raised to prin- 

 cipalities by the Emperor CharlesVIth ; 

 in 1720, they then assumed the name 

 of the principality of Lichtenstein. 

 John Neporauc Charles, grandson of 

 Antony-Floriau, died without male 

 issue in 1748, and the principality 

 passed to the line of Philip Erasmus, 

 younger brother of Antony-Florian, 

 which possesses at this day the impor- 

 tant estates of the House of Lichten- 

 stein, some as sovereignties, others 

 only as simple manors in Austria and 

 in Prussia. 



THE LINE OF HOHENZOLLERN, 

 PRUSSIA, &c. 



According to some genealogists, the 

 family 



dynasty, through his sons Henry (1598) 

 and William, tlie youngest (1592.) 



BRUNSWICK. 



Augustus, sou of Henry, a prince of 

 considerable talents, inheritecl, by the 

 death of Frederick Ulric, the princi- 

 pality of Wolfenbuttel and the county 

 of Blankenbure. He had, besides, at 

 a later period, the undivided possession 

 of the town of Brunswick. His de- 

 scendants now reign in a collateral 

 line, that of Brunswick Bevern. 



HANOVER AND GREAT BRITAIN. 



. William, the youngest son of Ernest 

 above-mentioned, obtained for his share 

 of patrimony, the best half of the coun- 

 tries pertaining to the house of Bruns- 

 wick Lunenburg, or Hanover. His 

 grandson, Ernest Augustiis, was raised, 

 in 1692, to the electoral dignity. This 

 Prince had espoused Sopliia, daughter of 

 the unfortunate Frederick V. Elector 

 Palatine, and of the Princess Elizabeth, 

 daughter of Jaines I. King of Great 

 Britain. The throne of Great Britain 

 having become vacant by the death of 

 Queen Anne, daughter of James II., 

 the son of the Elector of Hanover suc- 

 ceeded, under the title of George I. on 

 the 31st of October, 1714. It is, there- 

 fore, to a marriage, and to their pro- 

 fession of the Protestant religion, that 

 the House of Hanover owe their call 

 to the British crown. George Lewis, 

 better known as King George 1., 

 obtained the electorate in 1698, and 

 greatly increased his estates in Germany. 

 The electorate of Hanover was erected 

 into a kingdom under George III. and 

 is now governed by a viceroy (H. R. H. 

 the Duke of Cambridge) and its own 

 parliament. 



MODENA. 



Albert Azo II. having niarried, in 

 second nuptials, Isniengard, Countess of 

 Maine, had by this union, Foulque, 

 Marquis of Este. One of the descend- 

 ants of this Marquis, Obizzo II. al- 

 though a bastard, took possession (1293) 

 of Modena and Ferrara. This lineage 

 was extinct in the person of Alphonsus 

 II. in 1397. A cousin of the last sove- 

 reign Caesar d'Este, whose father issued 

 from a morganatic marr-age (an union 

 with a woman of no rank) obtained, by 

 the favour of an exception which the 

 Emperor Rodolph 1 1, had marie in his be- 

 half, the Duchies of Modenaand Reggio; 

 but the court of Rome took possession 

 of the Duchy of Ferrara as a fief which 

 devolved to it by the decease of Al- 

 phonsus. It is from Caesar d'Este, in 

 the fifth generation, that the Duke Her- 

 tules Rinaldo descended, whose wife 



