1806.] Literary^ and Philojophical Inielllgence. 



277 



found, that in magnetized fteel the north 

 pole is the mod, and the fouth pole the 

 Icall oxydable. M. Hitter imagines that, 

 if the earth be conlidercd as an immenfe 

 loadlloae, the refults may fcrve to ex- 

 plain manv phenomena of nature, fuch 

 as tlic phylicai ditfcrcncc between the two 

 licmifpheres, the Aurora Borealis and 

 Am-ora Auftralis. 



At the meeting of the Academy of the 

 ufot'iil Sciences at Erfurt, iM. BucnxER 

 read Ohfervations on Inoculation for the 

 natural Small-Pox, and on the Refults 

 of tlie firil Experiments in vaccine Ino- 

 culation at Bcrifcn and in Norway. The 

 author, who rcfided in that counrry forty- 

 five vcars, has collected in this memoir 

 his cstrcmciy various and numerous ob- 

 iiarvatious. 



France. 

 Meffrs. Lacepede and Cuvikh have 

 been elected members of the Royal So- 

 ciety of London. Tl;is nomination was 

 ■.announced to M. Delambre, one of the 

 perpetual fecretaries of the clafs of Ma- 

 thematical and Fhyfical Sciences of the 

 Inftitute, by .a letter from Sir Joseph 

 Caxk's, Prefident of the Royal Society, 

 to the tbllowius; ctfeft : — " Sir Jofeph ex- 

 prelVes to his new colleagues the pleafurc 

 he feels in announcing to them tlie 

 choice made of them by the Royal Soci- 

 ety, lie coniiders this nomination as a 

 ftriking toftitnony of the profound rc- 

 ipctt of the Royal Society ibr the Initi- 

 tute of France, and of the good-will 

 which unites the members of the two fo- 

 cicties — a fcntimcnt which he hopes will 

 never be diflurbed Ijy any political tjuar- 

 lel between tb.e two nations, nor weaken- 

 ed by anv other circumftance." 



Tiie S'ociety of National Induftry at 

 Paris has offered prizes for the bell means 

 of fizing paper, and for the fabrication 

 of cinnabar, equal to that called Cliinefe 

 Vermillion. Alfo fur the eaconragement 

 ftf engraving m relief, or producing blocks 

 for printing. 



j\l. Laikent, of Paris, has invented 

 a flute of flint-glals, wiiich, for the fme- 

 nefs of its tones, lar furpafl'es thofe of 

 wood. 



Holland. 

 The Society of National Economy of 

 the Netherlands, on the invitation of the 

 National Alfcmbly of the Batavian lie- 

 public, propoled the following quefui^n : 



" What are tiic means of converting 

 fpoiled, putrid, and funking water into ;i 

 wholefome and agreeable bevtTager" — 

 Thirty-eight memoirs were font to tliis 

 competition. At the genci'al meeting, in 

 June, laft year, the prize was adjudged 

 to one of tliefe memoirs, by Dr. A. van 

 StipPvIaan Liiscius, ledturcr on medi- 

 cine and chemilh-y at Delft. The- prize 

 was fixed at 0000 llorins. Having previ- 

 ouUy afcertained the accuracy of the re- 

 fult, ftated by the autlior, the Society 

 tranlmitted him 2000 Horins ; and he will 

 receive the other two-thirds of the prixe 

 when the neceflary experiments have 

 been made in different climates, that the 

 Society may be ablijlutely certain thiU; 

 the author's procelfes are applicable to 

 every country and every feafon. 



The knowledge of hydraulics is in n» 

 country of greater importance than in 

 Holland. JM. Chuistiax Brunnings, 

 Director-General of the river and fea- 

 works of the Batavian Republic, re- 

 cently decealcd at Haarlem, rendered 

 Wn' a long feries of years inapj-rcciable 

 fen ices to his coup.try in thit line. The 

 Batavian Government, djtlrous to do 

 l.oiiour to his memory, lias ordered a 

 monument of white marble to be crcttcd 

 to him at the public expence, in the pi'ii - 

 cipal church of Haarlem, and promifed 

 a gold chain and a mcchd of the value of 

 200 ducats, or the fame fum in money, 

 to the author of the belt memoir or eu- 

 logy on that excellent citizen. 



The Society of Haarlem has offered 

 the prize of a gold medal, value 400 

 guildei-s, for the beft anfwer to the fol- 

 lowing queftion^ " Wliat da we know 

 liiiioncally of the alterations which the 

 earth has undergone in confequence of 

 tlie Hood, and of the variety of caufc3 

 which occahoned thefe alterations ?" 

 Spain. 

 A Spanifh work, on the Increafe of 

 Population in Spain, has been publifhed 

 at \'eiiice by Don Alb. de ]\Iegnixo, 

 the Spanifli Conful. The author pro- 

 poies means to preferve the lives of 

 300,000 individuals, who annually peiilli 

 in the houles for the reception of orphans, 

 ni the prifuns, &c. The number of chil- 

 dren who die every year in the orphan- 

 huufes is about 20,000 ; being in the pro- 

 portiun of fifty to every hundred admitte<i 

 into thcin. 



JlEVIEVf 



